An innovative provincial CO2 emission quota allocation scheme for Chinese low-carbon transition

Urbanization Paradox of Environmental Policies in Korean Local Governments

“…For the first stage, multi-inputs and outputs shall be employed to evaluate the coupling or decoupling effects on energy and environment (E&E) analysis, based on the comparative results in Table 1. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Since the data envelope analysis (DEA) is the leading choice for handling multi-inputs/outputs models, our research utilizes this approach. It does not need any specific form of the production function for this multi-inputs/outputs model.…”

“…Diverse methodological approaches, based on DEA, have tried to answer this question. Yang and Lee [9] used population, capital, and energy as input variables, with GRDP and CO 2 as undesirable output variables, by employing a prospective zero-sum gain data envelopment analysis (pZSG-DEA) to examine the CO 2 emission efficiency in China. Diverse inclusion, however, did not bring precise implications and suggestions on the specific effect on DMUs.…”

“…As the original DEA model takes a radial approach, which may lead to overestimating and comparatively low discriminating power by ignoring slack variables, the SBM-DEA has been used as an alternative to traditional DEA to seizure the entire feature of inefficiency regarding variables' slacks in the efficiency measures [6][7][8][9]. Moreover, the SBM-DEA approach gives more reliable and appropriate implications and suggestions because of its simple but precise setting of the production technology [7][8][9]. Therefore, we apply the SBM-DEA alongside the undesirable output of air pollution to determine the environmental efficiency evaluation.…”

“…In order to avoid this proportionate bias, the non-radial approach employs the slack variable, resulting in a high discriminating power and an unbiased estimate. As we aim to assess the PM 2.5 performance of local governments in Korea precisely, we adopt the undesirable SBM-DEA [6][7][8][9].…”

Research on the impacts of dual environmental regulation on regional carbon emissions under the goal of carbon neutrality-the intermediary role of green technology innovation

“…In order to achieve low-carbon development in the area, it is critical to enhance source control in addition to environmental legislation. It is possible to ensure that regional carbon emissions are consistently reduced by mandating firms to improve production and emission technology (Cong et al, 2020;Clora & Yu, 2022;Geroe, 2022;Yang & Lee, 2022). Thus, increasing the level of green technology innovation within businesses can not only hasten the transformation of high-carbon businesses and improve their core competitiveness, but it can also benefit from the synergistic emission reduction effect of environmental regulation and stimulate regional emission reduction potential (Sovacool et al, 2019;Pulicherla et al, 2022).…”