An innovative approach in the synthesis of solid acid catalyst from sugarcane bagasse for the esterification of oleic acid and methanol

Biomass derived sulfonated carbon catalysts: efficient catalysts for green chemistry

“…For instance, sugarcane-derived sulfonated biochar with a specific surface area of 503.95 m 2 g −1 exhibits a total acidic group content of 10.65 mmol g −1 , 50 while sugarcane-derived sulfonated biochar with lower specific surface areas ranges from 4.74 to 5.58 mmol g −1 in total acidic group content. 30,51,52 Similarly, sulfonated biochar derived from biomass sources such as wood sawdust and corncob follows the same trend (Table 2). 49,53–55 These matrix carbons with high specific surface areas may offer better conditions for loading acidic groups, resulting in the formation of sulfonated biochar materials containing abundant acidic groups.…”

“…In studies by Ju et al, the yield of esterification reactions using sugarcane bagasse-derived sulfonated biochar, with an SO 3 H concentration of 2.83 mmol g −1 , reached an impressive 96.45%, whereas the conversion rate dropped to 85.1% for sulfonated biochar with a lower concentration of 0.59 mmol g −1 SO 3 H. 30,31 Similarly, the catalytic activity of sulfonated biochar derived from coconut shells, with an SO 3 H concentration of 1.02 mmol g −1 , surpassed that of biochar with a lower concentration of 0.42 mmol g −1 SO 3 H. 32 Moreover, when the content of sulfonic acid groups on BDSCCs is comparable, other acidic groups, such as -COOH and -OH, can also exert a promotional effect to some extent. 7,33 Although the SO 3 H group amounts of two types of cassava peel-derived sulfonated biochar are 1.7 and 1.9 mmol g −1 , cassava peel-derived sulfonated biochar with a higher total number of acidic groups exhibits enhanced catalytic activity in ester conversion reactions.…”

“…In studies by Ju et al , the yield of esterification reactions using sugarcane bagasse-derived sulfonated biochar, with an SO 3 H concentration of 2.83 mmol g −1 , reached an impressive 96.45%, whereas the conversion rate dropped to 85.1% for sulfonated biochar with a lower concentration of 0.59 mmol g −1 SO 3 H. 30,31 Similarly, the catalytic activity of sulfonated biochar derived from coconut shells, with an SO 3 H concentration of 1.02 mmol g −1 , surpassed that of biochar with a lower concentration of 0.42 mmol g −1 SO 3 H. 32…”