An injectable hydrogel of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix for accelerated wound healing

Abstract

Hydrogel formulations of xenogeneic extracellular matrices have been widely used for topical wound care because of their exceptional tunability over other formulations like lyophilized sheets, powders, non‐injectable gels, pastes, and ointments. This is important in the treatment of wounds with irregular shapes and depth. This study identified an injectable hydrogel formulation of porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix (60%) in medical‐grade carboxymethyl cellulose (40%) as vehicle and evaluated its biomaterial properties. Further, an in‐depth evaluation of in vivo wound healing efficacy was conducted in a rat full‐thickness skin excision wound healing model, which revealed that the hydrogel formulation accelerated wound healing process compared to wounds treated with a commercial formulation and untreated wounds. The hydrogel appeared to have promoted a desirable pro‐regenerative tissue reaction predominated by Th2 helper lymphocytes and M2 macrophages as well as an effective collagen remodeling indicative of diminished scarring. In conclusion, the porcine cholecyst extracellular matrix injectable hydrogel formulation appeared to be a promising candidate formulation as an advanced wound care biomaterial for faster healing of skin wounds with minimal scarring.