An Initiative the Used of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) To Control Filariasis in Indonesia

Abstract

Filariasis as part of the neglected tropical disease is one of the health problems in the world. Filariasis divided into onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis. This disease caused by filarial nematode parasites Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Filariasis transmitted by several mosquito genera as the vector. Indonesia as endemic filariasis, agreed on plays a role on World Health Organization (WHO) global filariasis elimination in 2020. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential method which can be applied to filariasis elimination program by controlling the mosquito population. Basic principles of SIT involve mass rearing of species target, sterilization process using gamma-rays and releasing sterile male insect into a target area. SIT combined with other methods under one management as Area-wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM) to increasing effectiveness and successful filariasis elimination program in Indonesia. Filariasis elimination program in Indonesia has several challenges and needed public participation to achieve program goals. Key words : filariasis, Indonesia, sterile insect technique (SIT) ABSTRAKFilariasis sebagai bagian dari penyakit tropis yang terbengkalai merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia. Filariasis dibagi menjadi onchocerciasis dan filariasis limfatik atau kaki gajah. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh parasit nematoda filarial Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi dan Brugia timori. Filariasis ditularkan oleh beberapa genera nyamuk sebagai vektor. Indonesia sebagai endemik filariasis, sepakat memainkan peran dalam eliminasi filariasis global yang diagendakan oleh world health organization (WHO) pada tahun 2020. Teknik serangga mandul (TSM) adalah metode potensial yang dapat diterapkan pada program eliminasi filariasis dengan mengendalikan populasi nyamuk. Prinsip dasar SIT melibatkan pembiakan populasi target secara massal, proses sterilisasi menggunakan sinar gamma dan melepaskan serangga jantan steril ke daerah sasaran. TSM dapat dikombinasikan dengan metode lain di bawah satu manajemen terpadu, yaitu area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan keberhasilan program eliminasi filariasis di Indonesia. Program eliminasi filariasis di Indonesia memiliki beberapa tantangan dan kebutuhan partisipasi masyarakat untuk mencapai tujuan program.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Mating Competitiveness of Male <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> (Diptera:Culicidae) in Laboratory

“…It reaches 94.1 percent. This is different from the research by Sasmita and Ernawan on Aedes aegypti [18], where the percentage of egg hatching was 50.6 percent. The variation in gamma irradiation doses affects the fertility and sterilization of Cx.…”

“…quinquefasciatus at different irradiation doses and the control group (F = 0.907; p = 0.498; p > 0.05) (Table 2). These results are in line with the results of the research by Sasmita and Ernawan [18] on Ae. aegypti and An.…”

“…Low physical form may also worsen males' ability to mate with females. The results of some previous researches show that the mating competitiveness of male mosquitoes has a negative correlation with the increase in gamma irradiation dose [16,18].…”

“…This indicates that the irradiation dose of 70 Gy can decrease the egg hatching rate by 98.2 percent. Mating competitiveness value or C Index is useful for determining the number of sterile male mosquitoes spread in the nature following the method of Sasmita and Ernawan [18]. In this research the mating competitiveness of Cx.…”

Current Status and Recent Achievements of the Sterile Insect Technique Program Against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti, in Indonesia

“…mass production of insect; sterilization of male insect using ionization energy (gamma rays, X-rays, etc. ); packaging, handling, transport and release sterile male; monitoring and evaluation, and social engagement [9,[11][12][13][14][15].…”