An Initial Collision of India and Asia in the Equatorial Humid Belt

Yi, Zhiyu; Wang, Tianyue; Meert, Joseph G.; Qi-guo, Zhao; Liu, Yushu

doi:10.1029/2021gl093408

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…For example, the India-Asia continent-continent collision occurred at ca. 61 Ma (Li, Ding, et al, 2022;Tong et al, 2017;Yi et al, 2011Yi et al, , 2021, ca. 55 Ma (Cao et al, 2017;Ma et al, 2014;Meng et al, 2019Meng et al, , 2020 or ca.…”

Section: India-asia Collisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the timing of the India‐Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen using detrital zircon U‐Pb‐Hf and whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopes in Cretaceous‐Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks

et al. 2022

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Cretaceous-Miocene sedimentary rocks in the Nepalese Lesser Himalaya provide an opportunity to decipher the timing of India-Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen, which are significant for understanding the growth processes of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Our new data indicate that detrital zircon ages and whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes in Cretaceous-Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks underwent two significant changes. First, from the Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene Amile Formation to the Eocene Bhainskati Formation, the proportion of late Proterozoic-early Palaeozoic zircons (quantified by an index of 500-1200 Ma/1600-2800 Ma) increased from nearly 0 to 0.7-1.4, and the percentage of Mesozoic zircons decreased from ca. 14% to 5-12%.The whole-rock 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and εNd(t = 0) values changed markedly from 0.732139 and −17.2 for the Amile Formation to 0.718106 and −11.4 for the Bhainskati Formation. Second, from the Bhainskati Formation to the lower-middle Miocene Dumri Formation, the index of 500-1200 Ma/1600-2800 Ma increased to 2.2-3.7 and the percentage of Mesozoic zircons abruptly decreased to nearly 0. The wholerock 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and εNd(t = 0) values changed significantly to 0.750124 and −15.8 for the Dumri Formation. The εHf(t) values of Early Cretaceous zircons in the Taltung Formation and Amile Formation plot in the U-Pb-εHf(t) field of Indian derivation, whereas εHf(t) values of Triassic-Palaeocene zircons in the Bhainskati Formation demonstrate the arrival of Asian-derived detritus in the Himalayan foreland basin in the Eocene based on available datasets. Our data indicate that (1) the timing of terminal India-Asia collision was no later than the early-middle Eocene in the central Himalaya, and (2) the Greater Himalaya served as a source for the Himalayan foreland basin by the early Miocene. When coupled with previous Palaeocene-early Eocene provenance records of the Tethyan Himalaya, our 950 | EAGE FENG et al.

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Section: India-asia Collisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the timing of the India‐Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen using detrital zircon U‐Pb‐Hf and whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopes in Cretaceous‐Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks

et al. 2022

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“…Here we study a set of Paleocene lavas from the lower Linzizong Group, exposed in the Linzhou basin of the southern Lhasa terrane, which have been the primary target for determining the Paleogene latitude of the Lhasa terrane, dating the India‐Asia collision, and constraining the post‐collisional shortening of Asia. Previous paleomagnetic studies have argued that these lavas retain a primary remanence, determining a paleolatitude of ∼6°N for the Lhasa terrane in the early Paleocene (Chen et al., 2010, 2014; Yi et al., 2021). Such latitude is much lower than the determined Cretaceous and early Eocene latitudes of ∼20°N (e.g., Bian et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2013; Huang, Dupont‐Nivet, et al., 2015; Lippert et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such latitude is much lower than the determined Cretaceous and early Eocene latitudes of ∼20°N (e.g., Bian et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2013; Huang, Dupont‐Nivet, et al., 2015; Lippert et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2017). Such discrepancy in paleolatitudes would imply rapid “yo‐yo‐like” plate tectonic motions of the Lhasa terrane (Yi et al., 2021), requiring rapid opening and closing of back‐arc basins, a scenario for which there is little independent evidence. Our previous investigations of these rocks reveal that they were possibly hydrothermally remagnetized due to acquisition of a CRM residing in authigenic hematite and a thermoviscous remanent magnetization (TVRM) carried by magmatic (titano)magnetite following hydrothermal events (Huang et al., 2015a, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remagnetization Under Hydrothermal Alteration of South Tibetan Paleocene Lavas: Maghemitization, Hematization, and Grain Size Reduction of (Titano)magnetite

et al. 2023

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The Paleocene lavas from Dianzhong Formation (E 1 d) in Linzhou basin of southern Lhasa terrane are a key target for paleomagnetic investigations into the timing and paleolatitude of the initial India-Asia collision. Controversy exists, however, on whether these rocks preserve a primary remanent magnetization.Here we reanalyze previously published thermal demagnetization data and report detailed rock magnetic results and petrographic observations of these rocks. We find that the original magnetic carrier, a magmatic multidomain Ti-poor titanomagnetite, underwent significant grain size reduction and was variably reacted to single-domain maghemite and nano-hematite. Such strong alteration may have resulted from successive hydrothermal events: a first event related to the ∼52 Ma dike intrusions into the E 1 d that accompanied a massive ignimbrite eruption deposited above the E 1 d producing heating up to 300°C; and a secondary event related to the 42-27 Ma southward overthrusting of the basin, heating the E 1 d up to 130-145°C. Unblocking/ inversion temperature spectra of the authigenic maghemite and nano-hematite overlap with those of the titanomagnetite, implying that the primary remanence of the E 1 d lavas has been contaminated or replaced by thermoviscous and chemical remanent magnetizations. Thus the isolated characteristic remanent magnetization from these rocks, whether slightly or completely altered, cannot be considered primary and should not be used for paleolatitudinal determination. Our study confirms that hydrothermal alteration can seriously jeopardize the remanence carried by titanomagnetite and thus should be tested for paleomagnetic investigations of rock units from tectonically active areas.

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“…The timing and position of the initial collision between India and Asia remain highly debated (e.g., Ding et al, 2005;Leech et al, 2005;Aitchison et al, 2007;Ali and Aitchison, 2008;Najman et al, 2010;Yi et al, 2011;van Hinsbergen et al, 2012;Hu et al, 2016;An et al, 2021). On the paleolatitudinal comparison based on reliable This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article paleomagnetic poles, paleomagnetism provides a direct constrain on timing and locus for the initial collision between India and Asia (e.g., Dupont-Nivet et al, 2010;Najman et al, 2010;Yi et al, 2011Yi et al, , 2021 The Indian plate was subjected to rapid northward motion toward Asia during the Cretaceous and Paleocene (Patriat and Achache, 1984;Yin and Harrison, 2000;van Hinsbergen et al, 2011). The kinematics of the northern margin of India can be constrained by the Cretaceous and Paleogene paleomagnetic data obtained from the Tethyan Himalaya (Besse et al, 1984;Patzelt et al, 1996;Tong et al, 2008;Yi et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2015Yang et al, , 2019Ma et al, 2016;Meng et al, 2019Meng et al, , 2020Y.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution petrographic evidence confirming detrital and biogenic magnetites as remanence carriers for Zongpu carbonates in the Gamba area, South Tibet

Zhao¹,

Huang²,

Yi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Paleocene carbonates from the Gamba area of South Tibet provide the largest paleomagnetic dataset for constraining the paleogeography of the India-Asia collision in the early stage. The characteristic remanences (ChRMs) obtained from this unit were, however, argued for a chemical remagnetization via orogenic fluids. This study carries out a high-resolution petrographic study on the Paleocene carbonates from Gamba aiming to test the nature of the ChRMs. Electron microscopic observation on magnetic extracts identified a large amount of detrital magnetite that are multi-to single domain in sizes and biogenic magnetite in nanoscale. Minor framboidal iron oxides were also identified, which were previously interpreted as authigenic magnetite that substitutes pyrite. However, our scanning and transmission electron microscopic (SEM/TEM) observations, along with optical microscope and Raman spectrum investigations further suggest that these magnetic minerals are pigment hematite and goethite that are incapable of carrying a stable remanence. We therefore argue that the ChRMs of the limestones from the Zongpu Formation in the Gamba area are carried by detrital and biogenic magnetites rather than authigenic magnetite. The paleomagnetic data from the Gamba area are interpreted as primary origin and can thus be used for tectonic reconstructions. We emphasize that magnetic extraction, integrated with advanced mineralogic studies (e.g., electron backscatter diffraction and electron diffraction) are effective approaches for investigating the origin of magnetic carriers in carbonate rocks. 1This manuscript is a non-peer reviewed preprint. It has been submitted to Frontiers in Earth Science on May 23th 2021.

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An Initial Collision of India and Asia in the Equatorial Humid Belt

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Constraints on the timing of the India‐Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen using detrital zircon U‐Pb‐Hf and whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopes in Cretaceous‐Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks

Constraints on the timing of the India‐Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen using detrital zircon U‐Pb‐Hf and whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopes in Cretaceous‐Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks

Remagnetization Under Hydrothermal Alteration of South Tibetan Paleocene Lavas: Maghemitization, Hematization, and Grain Size Reduction of (Titano)magnetite

High-resolution petrographic evidence confirming detrital and biogenic magnetites as remanence carriers for Zongpu carbonates in the Gamba area, South Tibet

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