An inhibitory receptor of VLRB in the agnathan lamprey

Wu, Fenfang; Chen, Liyong; Ren, Yong; Yang, Xiaojing; Yu, Tongzhou; Feng, Bo; Chen, Shangwu; Xu, Anlong

doi:10.1038/srep33760

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, a potential inhibitory receptor of VLRB antibodies was recently identified on lamprey myeloid cells (81). Although the structural determinants mediating this interaction remain to be defined, these results are reminiscent of functionally equivalent interactions between immunoglobulins and their Fc-based inhibitory receptors (82).…”

Section: Structural Features Of Vlrbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Alternative Adaptive Immune Systems in Vertebrates

Boehm

Hirano

Holland

et al. 2018

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

101

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Adaptive immunity in jawless fishes is based on antigen recognition by three types of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) composed of variable leucine-rich repeats, which are differentially expressed by two T-like lymphocyte lineages and one B-like lymphocyte lineage. The T-like cells express either VLRAs or VLRCs of yet undefined antigen specificity, whereas the VLRB antibodies secreted by B-like cells bind proteinaceous and carbohydrate antigens. The incomplete VLR germline genes are assembled into functional units by a gene conversion-like mechanism that employs flanking variable leucine-rich repeat sequences as templates in association with lineage-specific expression of cytidine deaminases. B-like cells develop in the hematopoietic typhlosole and kidneys, whereas T-like cells develop in the thymoid, a thymus-equivalent region at the gill fold tips. Thus, the dichotomy between T-like and B-like cells and the presence of dedicated lymphopoietic tissues emerge as ancestral vertebrate features, whereas the somatic diversification of structurally distinct antigen receptor genes evolved independently in jawless and jawed vertebrates.

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Section: Structural Features Of Vlrbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Alternative Adaptive Immune Systems in Vertebrates

Boehm

Hirano

Holland

et al. 2018

Annu. Rev. Immunol.

101

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“…Lampreys and hagfishes recognize antigens using variable lymphocyte receptors rather than the immunoglobulin-based B-cell and T-cell receptors found in all other vertebrates (Smith et al 2013;Docker et al 2015). Genes and proteins involved in the regulation of the variable lymphocyte receptor including an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif containing immunoglobulin superfamily protein (Wu et al 2016) could be lamprey-specific targets. Similarly, hemoglobin evolved independently in jawless and jawed vertebrates (Docker et al 2015) and could also provide a target-rich environment for selective lampricides.…”

Section: Alternate Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation lampricides: a three-stage process to develop improved control tools for invasive sea lamprey

Lantz

Adair²,

Amberg

et al. 2022

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Successful integrated management of the invasive predatory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is owed largely to the long history of beneficial use of two lampricides: 3 trifluoromethyl 4 nitrophenol (TFM) and 2’,5-dichloro-4’-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide). Ensuring continued successful sea lamprey control necessitates consideration of possible next-generation lampricides to supplement or replace current lampricides. This review identifies fifteen hallmarks of success for current lampricides to be used as design criteria in a search for next-generation lampricides. A three-stage research approach is outlined. Targeted research using omics, computer modelling, and high-throughput technology to define molecular mechanisms and high probability molecular targets for sea lamprey selective toxic action is crucial to prioritizing chemical candidates. Targeted delivery or identifying synergists to existing or new lampricides can provide increased efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Ultimate development of next-generation lampricides will rely on traditional toxicity testing methodologies to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.

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