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Understanding the genetic variability of hybrids provides information on their current and future evolutionary role. In this paper, we focus on the interspecific hybrid Ranunculus circinatus × R. fluitans that forms spontaneously within the group Ranuculus L. sect. Batrachium DC. (Ranunculaceae Juss.). Genome-wide DNA fingerprinting using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) was employed to determine the genetic variation among 36 riverine populations of the hybrid and their parental species. The results demonstrate a strong genetic structure of R. circinatus × R. fluitans within Poland (Central Europe), which is attributed to independent hybridization events, sterility of hybrid individuals, vegetative propagation, and isolation through geographical distance within populations. The hybrid R. circinatus × R. fluitans is a sterile triploid, but, as we have shown in this study, it may participate in subsequent hybridization events, resulting in a ploidy change that can lead to spontaneous fertility recovery. The ability to produce unreduced female gametes of the hybrid R. circinatus × R. fluitans and the parental species R. fluitans is an important evolutionary mechanism in Ranunculus sect. Batrachium that could give rise to new taxa.
Understanding the genetic variability of hybrids provides information on their current and future evolutionary role. In this paper, we focus on the interspecific hybrid Ranunculus circinatus × R. fluitans that forms spontaneously within the group Ranuculus L. sect. Batrachium DC. (Ranunculaceae Juss.). Genome-wide DNA fingerprinting using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) was employed to determine the genetic variation among 36 riverine populations of the hybrid and their parental species. The results demonstrate a strong genetic structure of R. circinatus × R. fluitans within Poland (Central Europe), which is attributed to independent hybridization events, sterility of hybrid individuals, vegetative propagation, and isolation through geographical distance within populations. The hybrid R. circinatus × R. fluitans is a sterile triploid, but, as we have shown in this study, it may participate in subsequent hybridization events, resulting in a ploidy change that can lead to spontaneous fertility recovery. The ability to produce unreduced female gametes of the hybrid R. circinatus × R. fluitans and the parental species R. fluitans is an important evolutionary mechanism in Ranunculus sect. Batrachium that could give rise to new taxa.
Comprehending genetic variation and population structure is paramount for devising optimal management strategies and conservation efforts. In this study, we employed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to assess the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of the rare macrophyte <i>Potamogeton rutilus</i> Wolfg. This species has experienced habitat alterations leading to its disappearance from numerous previously known European locations. Our analysis encompassed eight populations collected from Poland, Lithuania, and Estonia, situated within the central region of <i>P. rutilus</i> distribution. The results of our study indicate that the analyzed populations are characterized by relatively low levels of genetic diversity (the mean of Nei’s gene diversity was 0.031±0.003 and the Shannon’s information index 0.049± 0.004), and intermediate gene flow (Nm = 0.289). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher levels of variation among populations (63%) than within populations (37%); PhiPT = 0.634, <i>p</i> < 0.001, which might be attributed to the founder effect, frequent vegetative propagation, and limited seedling recruitment. The results of STRUCTURE, PCoA and NeighbourNet analyses suggest that the genetic structure of the studied populations falls into three main clusters not fully corresponding to geographical regions. The Mantel test did not show a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among populations. The most geographically isolated population sampled in Poland (ROT) is genetically close to the Estonian population VAL and VIT, although it is located far closer to the stations in Lithuania. Implications of acquired data for the genetic management of the species are discussed.
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