An infrared spectral database for detection of gases emitted by biomass burning

Johnson, Timothy J.; Profeta, Luisa T. M.; Sams, Robert L.; Griffith, David; Yokelson, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2010.02.010

Cited by 86 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the sensitivity of temperature on those signatures depends on the individual gas and the range of temperature change. HITRAN and PNNL reference spectra at different temperatures are available for a limited number of species at 278, 298, and 323 K (Rothman et al, 1998(Rothman et al, , 2013Sharpe et al, 2004;Johnson et al, 2010). Temperature-dependent reference files can be made in the OPUS_RS software to combine reference spectra at these three temperatures.…”

Section: Long-path Ftir Setup and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common approach to retrieve mixing ratios of species from FTIR measurements is to compare the measured spectra with reference spectra obtained in the laboratory at a given temperature and pressure with a known mixing ratio. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) established a database of gas-phase infrared spectra for pure compounds Johnson et al, 2010). Another source of reference spectra is the molecular absorption database HITRAN (HIgh resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption database) (Rothman et al, 1998(Rothman et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTIR spectroscopy has been used to quantify the mixing ratios of various trace species emitted by forest biomass burning (Griffith et al, 1991;Yokelson et al, 1996Yokelson et al, , 1997Yokelson et al, , 2007Yokelson et al, , 2008Yokelson et al, , 2013Goode et al, 1999;Burling et al, 2010;Johnson et al, 2010;Akagi et al, 2013Akagi et al, , 2014Paton-Walsh et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2014), volcanoes (Horrocks et al, 1999;Oppenheimer and Kyle, 2008), industrial parks (Wu et al, 1995), and in urban areas Hong et al, 2004;Coleman et al, 2015). FTIR spectroscopy was also used in flux measurements by the gradient technique at agriculture sites (Griffith and Galle, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Traffic emissions contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Measurements were conducted over Highway 401 in Toronto, Canada, with a long-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer combined with a suite of micrometeorological instruments to identify and quantify a range of air pollutants. Results were compared with simultaneous in situ observations at a roadside monitoring station, and with output from a special version of the operational Canadian air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH). Elevated mixing ratios of ammonia (0-23 ppb) were observed, of which 76 % were associated with traffic emissions. Hydrogen cyanide was identified at mixing ratios between 0 and 4 ppb. Using a simple dispersion model, an integrated emission factor of on average 2.6 g km −1 carbon monoxide was calculated for this defined section of Highway 401, which agreed well with estimates based on vehicular emission factors and observed traffic volumes. Based on the same dispersion calculations, vehicular average emission factors of 0.04, 0.36, and 0.15 g km −1 were calculated for ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and methanol, respectively.

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Section: Long-path Ftir Setup and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

et al. 2017

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“…Mixing ratios were obtained by multi-component fits to sections of the IR transmission spectrum using reference data from HITRAN (Rothman et al, 2009) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Sharpe et al, 2004;Johnson et al, 2009Johnson et al, , 2010 gas-phase databases. The algorithm was a synthetic calibration using a non-linear least-squares method (Griffith, 1996;Yokelson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Fire Sciences Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of HONO, HNCO, and other inorganic acids by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS): application to biomass burning emissions

et al. 2010

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Abstract. A negative-ion proton-transfer chemical ionization mass spectrometric technique (NI-PT-CIMS), using acetate as the reagent ion, was applied to the measurement of volatile inorganic acids of atmospheric interest: hydrochloric (HCl), nitrous (HONO), nitric (HNO 3 ), and isocyanic (HNCO) acids. Gas phase calibrations through the sampling inlet showed the method to be intrinsically sensitive (6-16 cts/pptv), but prone to inlet effects for HNO 3 and HCl. The ion chemistry was found to be insensitive to water vapor concentrations, in agreement with previous studies of carboxylic acids. The inlet equilibration times for HNCO and HONO were 2 to 4 s, allowing for measurement in biomass burning studies. Several potential interferences in HONO measurements were examined: decomposition of HNO 3 ·NO − 3 clusters within the CIMS, and NO 2 -water production on inlet surfaces, and were quite minor (≤1%, 3.3%, respectively). The detection limits of the method were limited by the instrument backgrounds in the ion source and flow tube, and were estimated to range between 16 and 50 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) for a 1 min average. The comparison of HONO measured by CIMS and by in situ FTIR showed good correlation and agreement to within 17%. The method provided rapid and accurate measurements of HNCO and HONO in controlled biomass burning studies, in which both acids were seen to be important products.

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“…2007) applying both the HITRAN spectral database and reference spectra recorded at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) (Rothman et al, 2009;Sharpe et al, 2004;Johnson et al, 2013;Johnson et al, 2010). The above species were always or often enhanced in the smoke well above the real-time detection limits, but some species such as 1,3-butadiene, furaldehyde, phenol, and HCl were frequently not enhanced more than 2-3 times the real-time detection limit and are not reported in those cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX

Selimovic¹,

Yokelson²,

Warneke³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Western wildfires have a major impact on air quality in the US. In the fall of 2016, 107 test fires were burned in the large-scale combustion facility at the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory as part of the Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment (FIREX). Canopy, litter, duff, dead wood, and other fuel components were 15 burned in combinations that represented realistic fuel complexes for several important western US coniferous and chaparral ecosystems including Ponderosa Pine, Douglas Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Subalpine Fire, Chamise, and Manzanita In addition, dung, Indonesian peat, and individual coniferous ecosystem fuel components were burned stand-alone to investigate the effects of individual components (e.g. "duff") and fuel chemistry on emissions. The smoke emissions were characterized by a large suite of state-of-the-art instruments. In this study we report emission factor (EF, g compound emitted per 20 kg fuel burned) measurements in fresh smoke of a diverse suite of critically-important trace gases measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR). We also report aerosol optical properties (absorption EF, single scattering albedo (SSA), and Ångström absorption exponent (AAE)) as well as black carbon (BC) EF measured by photoacoustic extinctiometers (PAX) at 870 and 401 nm. The average trace gas emissions were similar across the coniferous ecosystems tested and most of the variability observed in emissions could be attributed to differences in the consumption of components such as duff and litter, 25 rather than the dominant tree species. Chaparral fuels produced lower EF than mixed coniferous fuels for most trace gases except for NO x and acetylene. A careful comparison with available field measurements of wildfires confirms that several methods can be used to extract data representative of real wildfires from the FIREX lab fire data. This is especially valuable for species not yet measured in the field. For instance, the OP-FTIR data alone show that ammonia (1.65 g kg -1 ), acetic acid (2.44 g kg -1 ), nitrous acid (HONO, 0.61 g kg -1 ) and other trace gases such as glycolaldehyde and formic acid are significant emissions not 30 previously measured for US wildfires. The PAX measurements show that the ratio of brown carbon (BrC) absorption to BC absorption is strongly dependent on modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and that BrC absorption is most dominant for combustion of duff (AAE 7.13) and rotten wood (AAE 4.60): fuels that are consumed in greater amounts during wildfires than prescribed fires. Coupling our lab data with field data suggests that fresh wildfire smoke typically has an EF for BC near 0.1 g kg -1 ), an SSA of ~0.91 and an AAE of ~3.50, with the latter implying that about 86% of the aerosol absorption at 401 nm is due 35 to BrC.

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An infrared spectral database for detection of gases emitted by biomass burning

Cited by 86 publications

References 26 publications

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

Measurement of HONO, HNCO, and other inorganic acids by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS): application to biomass burning emissions

Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX

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