An infrared 3D scanning device as a novel limb volume measurement tool in breast cancer patients

Abstract

Background Lymphedema is a common complication of breast cancer treatment that affects one in five breast cancer survivors, yet there is no reliable method to detect lymphedema in the subclinical range. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and reliability of using an infrared 3D scanning device (ISD) as a peri-operative limb volume measurement tool. Methods Fifteen patients were analyzed based on inclusion criteria. Peri-operative measurements were obtained using tape measure and an ISD. Volumes were calculated using a standard algorithm for tape measure and a custom algorithm for ISD measurements. Linear regression models were used to assess ISD and tape measurement volume and circumference correlation. One-way ANOVA was used to compare change in percent difference at set time points post-operatively (2–3 weeks, 4–6 weeks, and 7–12 weeks) for both ISD and tape measure. t tests for unequal variances with the Bonferroni correction were performed among these groups. Results There is a positive linear correlation (R2 = 0.8518) between absolute volume measurements by the ISD and tape measure. Analyses over 2–10 weeks post-operatively showed that the ISD was able to detect volume changes in both the unaffected and the affected arm. Furthermore, the affected arm tended to have a greater increase in volume in the majority of patients, indicating these patients could be at risk for lymphedema. Conclusions Technology utilizing infrared 3D scanners can reliably measure limb volume pre- and post-treatment similarly to tape measure in a small sample of patients. Further research using 3D scanning technology with a longer follow up is warranted.

Invention and Clinical Application of an Oversleeve for Measuring Limb Volume in Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients

“…In addition, this technology can detect the volume changes of symptomatic patients. For example, the researchers used a 3D scanner to find that the limb volume of a patient who has been treated for lymphedema has increased by about 15% [ 25 ].…”

Liposuction in cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema: an investigative study on clinical applications

“…Cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema is associated with treatment modalities such as cancer surgery and radiation therapy, which can injure or remove the lymph nodes [2,3]. Lymphedema is a disabling condition whereby damage to the lymphatic channels causes the accumulation of protein-rich lymphatic fluid in subcutaneous tissues, which can cause abnormal proliferation of subcutaneous adipose tissue [4,5]. Liposuction is a surgical technique that uses various types of equipment to aspirate excess subcutaneous fat through small incisions made in the skin to improve body esthetics, and pressure garments are worn for 3 to 6 months after liposuction [6].…”

Quantitative Assessment of Upper-Limb Volume: Implications for Lymphedema Rehabilitation?

“…The scanning process is typically quick and comfortable for the patient, as it does not involve direct contact or radiation exposure [73]. Additionally, the digital models generated by 3D scanning provide a comprehensive visualization of the limb, allowing for a detailed assessment of volume, shape, and symmetry [74].…”