AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PATIENT BEHAVIOR AND ITS USE BY STAFF<sup>1</sup>

Colman, Arthur D.; Boren, John J.

doi:10.1901/jaba.1969.2-207

Cited by 20 publications

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“…The ward, its patients, and the general ward procedures are described more fully in other papers (Colman and Baker, 1969;Colman and Boren, 1969; and Ellsworth and Colman, in press). Briefly, the ward was established to treat soldiers who had been diagnosed by two Army psychiatrists as having character and behavior disorders.…”

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SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS¹

Boren

Colman

1970

J of App Behav Analysis

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Several experiments exploring the effects of certain behavioral procedures were performed on a psychiatric ward for delinquent soldiers. Within the context of a point economy, the behavioral procedures were examined for their applicability to this patient group in a hospital-ward setting. The following procedures were studied: (1) use of points as consequences for specific behaviors compared with demonstration of "model" behavior by a ward officer; (2) punishment by a point-fine to control undesired behavior; (3) use of a chainingtype reinforcement contingency to increase desired behavior; (4) differential reinforcement of the individual versus the group to increase the frequency of a verbal performance; and (5) reinforcement of reports of personal problems versus impersonal problems.A psychiatric ward for delinquent soldiers was the setting for several experiments exploring the application of procedures derived from operant conditioning research. The ward, its patients, and the general ward procedures are described more fully in other papers (Colman and Baker, 1969;Colman and Boren, 1969; and Ellsworth and Colman, in press). Briefly, the ward was established to treat soldiers who had been diagnosed by two Army psychiatrists as having character and behavior disorders. Many studies have described the poor response of this patient group to conventional ward treatment (see Quitkin and Klein, 1967 to work effectively with this difficult group, a point economy was established whereby the soldiers were awarded points for certain appropriate social behaviors. These behaviors included attending educational classes, dressing neatly, carrying out work projects, delivering verbal reports, etc. The soldiers could then exchange the points for a variety of privileges, such as semi-private rooms, free coffee, access to a television set, pool room privileges, and weekend passes. The number of soldiers varied from time to time, as a man was assigned to or transferred from the ward, but, the ward census was usually maintained at 12 to 15 men.The research was aimed partly at exploring the efficient application of certain behavioral procedures to a hospital ward of characterand behavior-disorder patients, partly at generating experimental evidence convincing to the ward staff and to administrators that the behavioral procedures could be effective on this difficult patient population, and partly at elucidating the reactions of this special patient group to the various procedures. Within the context of the ward system, experiments were performed to examine the following procedures: (1) use of points as consequences (reinforcements) for specified behaviors compared with demonstration of "model" behavior by a ward officer (a psychiatric resident);(2) punishment of undesired behavior by a point fine; (3) use of a chaining-type reinforcement contingency to increase desired behavior; (4) differential reinforcement of the individual speaker versus reporting the group to 29 1970, 3., [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] NUMBER I (SPRING 1...

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SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS¹

Boren

Colman

1970

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…Similarly, a ward was opened at Walter Reed Army Hospital, Washington, D.C., to treat soldiers diagnosed as having character or behavior disorders (Boren and Colman, 1970;Colman and Boren, 1969). The treatment program was based on the assumption that these men had failed in the military, and previously in civilian life, because of deficits in their behavioral repertoire.…”

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THE CELLBLOCK TOKEN ECONOMY: TOKEN REINFORCEMENT PROCEDURES IN A MAXIMUM SECURITY CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR ADULT MALE FELONS¹

Milan

McKee

1976

J of App Behav Analysis

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Two experiments were conducted (1) to explore the application of token reinforcement procedures in a maximum security correctional institution for adult male felons and (2) to determine to what extent the reinforcement procedures disrupted the day-to-day lives of inmate participants. In Experiment 1, an expanded reversal design revealed that the combination of praise and token reinforcement was more effective than the combinations of praise and noncontingent token award or direct commands on four common institutional activities. The latter two combinations were not found to be any more effective than praise alone. Experiment 2, which also employed a reversal design, indicated that the high levels of performance observed during the token reinforcement phases of Experiment 1 could be attained without subjecting participants to undue hardship in the form of increased deprivation of either social intercourse or the opportunity to engage in recreational and entertainment activities. Client safeguards are discussed in detail.DESCRIPTORS

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“…Generally, the recording and feedback techniques used in token economy programs concentrate on monitoring the frequency of specific target behaviours to determine the effectiveness of the contingencies being used to evoke change (Colman & Boren, 1969;Milby, Willicutt, Hawk, MacDonald, & Whitfield, 1973;Patterson & Gullion, 1968;Phillips, 1968). This method enables treatment plans to be modified on the basis of facts, encourages more exact communication among workers, and, according to Panyon, Boozer, and Morris (1970), improves the motivation of staff working with profoundly retarded children.…”

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On-going program effectiveness evaluation in a token economy.

Doherty¹

1975

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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A simple on-going treatment evaluation system enabling modification of treatment approach and encouraging clear staff-child communication is described. Basically the system involves the maintenance, examination, and discussion among staff of: (a) target behaviour graphs; (b) histogram showing the number of points made and lost; and (c) number of rewards to fines graph and table. A brief description is given as to how each of the above works, and the type of information each can provide.

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AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PATIENT BEHAVIOR AND ITS USE BY STAFF¹

Cited by 20 publications

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SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS¹

SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS¹

THE CELLBLOCK TOKEN ECONOMY: TOKEN REINFORCEMENT PROCEDURES IN A MAXIMUM SECURITY CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR ADULT MALE FELONS¹

On-going program effectiveness evaluation in a token economy.

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AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PATIENT BEHAVIOR AND ITS USE BY STAFF1

Cited by 20 publications

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SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS1

SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS1

THE CELLBLOCK TOKEN ECONOMY: TOKEN REINFORCEMENT PROCEDURES IN A MAXIMUM SECURITY CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR ADULT MALE FELONS1

On-going program effectiveness evaluation in a token economy.

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Product

Resources

About

AN INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PATIENT BEHAVIOR AND ITS USE BY STAFF¹

SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS¹

SOME EXPERIMENTS ON REINFORCEMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN A PSYCHIATRIC WARD FOR DELINQUENT SOLDIERS¹

THE CELLBLOCK TOKEN ECONOMY: TOKEN REINFORCEMENT PROCEDURES IN A MAXIMUM SECURITY CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR ADULT MALE FELONS¹