An Infection Model of Apple White Rot Based on Conidial Germination and Appressorium Formation of Botryosphaeria dothidea

Kim, Ki-Woo; Kim, Kyu-Rang; Park, Eun-Woo

doi:10.5423/ppj.2005.21.4.322

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…infects both branches and fruit of apple causing bot canker and ring rot, respectively (Brown and Britton 1986;Guo et al 2009). B. dothidea fruit infection occurs worldwide and currently is one of the most serious threats to the apple industry in East Asia (Kim et al 2005;Tang et al 2012). Nearly all of the major commercial cultivars, such as Red Fuji, Golden Delicious, Gala and Red Delicious, are highly susceptible to B. dothidea fruit infection (Yan et al 2005;Li et al 2009;Zhang et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of lenticels and microcracks on susceptibility of apple fruit to Botryosphaeria dothidea

et al. 2015

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Apple ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the most serious diseases affecting apple industry in East Asia. To study the correlation between fruit natural exocarp structures and susceptibility to B. dothidea, lesion length of Malus domestica cultivars and Malus germplasm accessions was measured 14 days after in vitro inoculation with B. dothidea mycelia at different developmental stages. Area per fruit surface (APFS) of lenticels and microcracks and thickness of cuticular wax were observed. Lesion length, lenticel APFS and cuticular wax thickness varied significantly among the 11 cultivars studied. A positive correlation between lesion length and lenticel APFS and a negative correlation between lesion length and cuticular wax thickness were detected among cultivars and during fruit development. In addition, similar correlations were validated in nine Malus germplasm accessions. Numerous microcracks were observed on surfaces of Golden Delicious and Golden Spur fruit, accounting for 90 % of the natural openings. The hyphae of B. dothidea penetrated into exocarp through both lenticels and microcracks. Fruit bagging with double-layered paper bags and exogenous GA 4+7 reduced lenticel APFS, thickened cuticular wax and elevated resistance to disease. Natural openings on fruit exocarp are an important factor affecting susceptibility of apple to B. dothidea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of lenticels and microcracks on susceptibility of apple fruit to Botryosphaeria dothidea

et al. 2015

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“…Anthracnose is a potentially destructive disease that affects apples, particularly under hot and humid conditions (Mari et al, 2012). White rot disease, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the most important diseases of apple fruits in Korea (Kim et al, 2005). The pathogen also occurs in Japan (Ogata et al, 2000) and China (Tang et al, 2012), and causes dieback disease in blueberries (Choi, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC136 and Bacillus subtilis APEC170 on biocontrol of postharvest pathogens of apple fruits

Kim

Balaraju²,

Jeon

2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:In this study, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against postharvest pathogens of apple fruits. In vitro bioassays revealed that, out of 30 isolates screened, isolates APEC136 and APEC170 had the most significant inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of several fungal pathogens. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences identified the two effective isolates as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The two strains showed greater growth in brain-heart infusion broth than in other growth media. Treatment of harvested apples with suspensions of either strain reduced the symptoms of anthracnose disease caused by two fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, and white rot disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Increased productions of amylase and protease by APEC136, and increased productions of chitinase, amylase, and protease by APEC170 might have been responsible for inhibiting mycelial growth. The isolates caused a greater reduction in the growth of white rot than of anthracnose. These results indicate that the isolates APEC136 and APEC170 are promising agents for the biocontrol of anthracnose and white rot diseases in apples after harvest, and suggest that these isolates may be useful in controlling these diseases under field conditions.

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“…In Asia, severe damage caused by Botryosphaeria spp. has been reported in China, Japan and Korea on apple and Japanese and European pears (Ogata et al, 2000;Tang et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2016). More specifically, regarding B. berengeriana f. sp.…”

Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…pyricola , conducted by Tang et al. () showed that the causal agent of fruit ring rot and Botryosphaeria canker of apple in China was B. dothidea , which has also been reported to be the pathogen of apple ring rot in South Korea (Kim et al., ) and Japan (Ogata et al., ). Furthermore, pathogenicity tests showed that B. dothidea may induce wart or canker symptoms on apple and pear branches depending on the conditions (i.e.…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai, the causal agent of fruit rot and wart bark on apple and pear, for the EU. The pathogen, which was recently characterised, is a well-defined fungal species affecting mainly Pyrus pyrifolia (Japanese pear), although Pyrus communis (European pear) and apples (Malus domestica) can also be affected. The host status of other plant species reported in the literature, i.e. Cydonia oblonga, Chaenomeles japonica, Malus micromalus, Vitis vinifera and Prunus spp., is unclear. B. kuwatsukai is currently present in Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan and the USA, and uncertainty exists about its presence in other areas, where the disease has been associated with other Botryosphaeria spp. The pathogen is not known to occur in the EU and is listed in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. It could potentially enter the EU on host plants for planting and fruit originated in infested countries. Climatic conditions in the EU are suitable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen, as its epidemiology is similar to that of other Botryosphaeria spp. present in the EU. Pears and apples are widely distributed in the EU. In the infested areas, B. kuwatsukai causes branch dieback and fruit rot resulting in yield/quality losses. Its introduction and spread in the EU could impact pear and apple production, although the magnitude is unknown. Cultural practices and chemical measures may reduce the inoculum sources but cannot eliminate the pathogen. Phytosanitary measures are available to mitigate the risk of introduction and spread of the pathogen in the EU. B. kuwatsukai meets all criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as a potential Union quarantine pest. As B. kuwatsukai is not known to occur in the EU, this criterion to consider it as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest is not met.

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An Infection Model of Apple White Rot Based on Conidial Germination and Appressorium Formation of Botryosphaeria dothidea

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Role of lenticels and microcracks on susceptibility of apple fruit to Botryosphaeria dothidea

Role of lenticels and microcracks on susceptibility of apple fruit to Botryosphaeria dothidea

Effects of rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC136 and Bacillus subtilis APEC170 on biocontrol of postharvest pathogens of apple fruits

Pest categorisation of Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai

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