“…Many Lewis acids such as Cu(OTf) 2 , CuCl 2 , Ag 3 PW 12 O 40 , FeCl 3 ⋅6H 2 O, Me 3 SiCl [6][7][8][9][10], and protic acids such as NH 2 SO 3 H, NH 4 Cl [11,12] were employed for this reaction. Other special methods including ionic liquids, microwave irradiation, trimethylsilyl-triflate, polyaniline-bismoclite complex, L-proline, grindstone chemistry, and I 2 were also employed [13][14][15] for this transformation, but all these processes suffer from many drawbacks such as purification of the product, the reaction yield and the use of hazardous organic synthesis.…”
Aluminated mesoporous silica (Al-SBA-15) with different amounts of Al contents were synthesized and used for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-ones in the liquid phase, as well as under microwave conditions. The catalytic activity results showed very high conversion and yields of the products over many substituted aromatic aldehydes.
“…The utility of different metal salts such as mercuric salts, lead salts, zinc chloride, cadmium chloride, and indium chloride, lanthanide compounds, InBr 3 , ZrCl 4 [12,13], as potential catalyst in variety of synthetic reactions was recognized in recent years. However, the expensiveness and toxicity of some metal salts hampers their wide applications in organic synthesis.…”
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