An Industrial-Grade Solution for Crop Disease Image Detection Tasks

Abstract

Crop leaf diseases can reflect the current health status of the crop, and the rapid and automatic detection of field diseases has become one of the difficulties in the process of industrialization of agriculture. In the widespread application of various machine learning techniques, recognition time consumption and accuracy remain the main challenges in moving agriculture toward industrialization. This article proposes a novel network architecture called YOLO V5-CAcT to identify crop diseases. The fast and efficient lightweight YOLO V5 is chosen as the base network. Repeated Augmentation, FocalLoss, and SmoothBCE strategies improve the model robustness and combat the positive and negative sample ratio imbalance problem. Early Stopping is used to improve the convergence of the model. We use two technical routes of model pruning, knowledge distillation and memory activation parameter compression ActNN for model training and identification under different hardware conditions. Finally, we use simplified operators with INT8 quantization for further optimization and deployment in the deep learning inference platform NCNN to form an industrial-grade solution. In addition, some samples from the Plant Village and AI Challenger datasets were applied to build our dataset. The average recognition accuracy of 94.24% was achieved in images of 59 crop disease categories for 10 crop species, with an average inference time of 1.563 ms per sample and model size of only 2 MB, reducing the model size by 88% and the inference time by 72% compared with the original model, with significant performance advantages. Therefore, this study can provide a solid theoretical basis for solving the common problems in current agricultural disease image detection. At the same time, the advantages in terms of accuracy and computational cost can meet the needs of agricultural industrialization.

An Improved YOLOv5 for Accurate Detection and Localization of Tomato and Pepper Leaf Diseases

“…Dai et al [2] proposed the YOLOv5-CAcT network for crop leaf disease detection using the PlantVillage dataset, which is based on the YOLOv5 model. The mean Average Precision (mAP) score for this approach was 95.6%.…”

An Improved YOLOv8-based Method for Real-time Detection of Harmful Tea Leaves in Complex Backgrounds

“…Dai et al developed a method for detecting crop leaves diseases based on YOLOv5. However, this method exhibits lower accuracy in complex environments (Dai and Fan. 2022).…”

Xoo-YOLO: a detection method for wild rice bacterial blight in the field from the perspective of unmanned aerial vehicles

“…Deep learning algorithms possess the ability to autonomously learn and represent features, and they can partially replace manual disease detection with their high robustness and accuracy ( Liu and Wang, 2021 ; Shao et al., 2022 ). It has been extensively utilized in the detection of diseases in maize ( Khan et al., 2023 ), potatoes ( Dai et al., 2022 ), strawberries ( Lee et al., 2022 ), citrus ( Qiu et al., 2022 ), and other crops ( Dai and Fan, 2022 ). In recent years, researchers have employed deep learning techniques to detect rice bacterial blight.…”