An Industrial Engineering Approach to Cost Containment of Pharmacy Education

Duncan, Wendy; Bottenberg, Michelle M.; Chase, Marilea; Chesnut, Renae; Clarke, Cheryl; Schott, Kathryn A.; Torry, Ronald J.; Welty, Timothy E.

doi:10.5688/ajpe799131

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Internal performance should be done by optimization and standardization of processes. The standardizationreducesthe cycle time of processes (Duncan et al, 2015), thereforethe number of times of process's performance would increase perperiod i.e., process frequency would increase. External performance should be done by ensuring successful development process which would perform constantly, ensuringthat the company can keep up with changes in the environment.…”

Section: Background Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle of Quality Management System in Organizations

Živaljević

Bevanda

Trifunović

2017

Manage: J. Sustainable Bus. Manage, Solutions Emerging Econ.

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Considering that some organizations implemented the ISO 9001 standard more than 25 years ago, while othersdid it a while ago, some quality management systems (QMS) are older than others. This fact led authors to question whether there are differences between long and recently implemented quality management systems. Is there a pattern that QMS follows in its aging that could be considered as a life cycle of QMS? From October 2013 to June 2014, authors have conducted a survey in 186 certified companies using structured questionnaire in order to learn whether there was a significant difference between long and recently implemented QMSs.Collected data were processed using the ANOVA test with a confidence interval of 95%, i.e., α=0.05.Results show that there is a difference between quality management systems in the mature stage and those recently implemented. However, research pointed out two facts. First,34.41% of all surveyed companies apply QMS partially and have virtual QMS that has no purpose of improving business performances but only the purpose ofmaintaining the company’s certificate. Second, in companies that apply QMS fully, the frequency of all processes (which are elements of QMS) decreases in the first seven years of implementation, while after that period it begins to increase. Also, the paper describes indicators for determining companies which partially apply QMS.

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Section: Background Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle of Quality Management System in Organizations

Živaljević

Bevanda

Trifunović

2017

Manage: J. Sustainable Bus. Manage, Solutions Emerging Econ.

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“…The result of this study, by improving the management system at university. Namely a significant cost savings of around 60,000 USD per year, increased efficiency, effectiveness and students and faculty satisfaction (Duncan et al, 2015). The results revealed that, using a combination of methods namely ABC analysis of fuzzy weighting and U-control diagrams, was very effective to assist in the assessment system in the quality of learning processes at the university level for the long term (Carlucci, Renna, Izzo, & Schiuma, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaizen Method Implementation in Industries: Literature Review and Research Issues

Syaputra

Aisyah

2022

IJIEM

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A business philosophy in a corporate organization that involves all elements from the leadership level to workers to contribute to the processes that support an organizational system, such as work and time efficiency, work environment and safety, waste management, production processes and other processes. Kaizen has been widely accepted by various types of industries, both manufacturing and services, in response to these requirements, because kaizen itself can eliminate waste without additional resource requirements. This research aims to know and provide information about Kaizen implementation from various types of industries. This paper uses the literature review method of research papers that generally apply kaizen. A total of 52 research papers have been reviewed as research contributions, type of research methodology adopted, techniques and tools used, type of industry, and year of publication. The results obtained were published in many researchs about kaizen at 2012-2019, Kaizen approach can solve kind of problems such as quality, consumption energy, lead time, performance problem, etc. to improve the work system, widely applied in various industries such as: manufacturing, logistics, construction, SME, service, healthcare, pharmaceutical and processes for continuous improvement.

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“…Prior studies also suggest that moving pharmacy education (and likewise, other health professions programs) toward a more efficient model, defined as a model in which the financial burden on students is reduced, would require limiting unnecessary costs, identifying areas of overspending, and implementing cost containment strategies. 48,49 In addition to reducing the burden of high tuition, colleges of pharmacy and other health professions have an opportunity to help students learn about finances. 50 By adding a personal finance course or group activities focused around topics in personal financial management, such as budgeting, savings, and managing debt, colleges will help students understand the true cost of taking out loans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Educational Debt and Income Among Pharmacists and Other Health Professionals

Chisholm-Burns

Spivey

Stallworth

et al. 2019

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To evaluate educational debt-to-income trends in pharmacy, dentistry, medicine, optometry, and veterinary medicine in the United States from 2010 to 2016. Methods. A retrospective analysis of educational debt and income for selected health professions was conducted. Data on student loan debt were collected from professional organizations and data on income were collected from the American Community Survey. Ratios of the mean educational debt of graduating students to the median annual income for their respective profession were calculated for 2010 through 2016. Average change per year in debt, income, and debt-to-income ratio were calculated. Results. Debt-to-income ratios for all selected health professions except medicine exceeded 100%. For physicians, debt-to-income ratios ranged from 89% to 95%. On average, physicians (-0.3 percentage point) and optometrists (-0.5 percentage point) had negative changes in their debt-to-income ratios from 2010 to 2016. Average increases per year in debt-to-income ratio of veterinarians, pharmacists, and dentists were 5.5, 5.7, and 6.0 percentage points, respectively. From 2010 to 2016, dentists had the largest average increase per year in debt ($10,525), while physicians had the largest average increase per year in income ($6667) and a minimal average debt increase per year ($5436). Pharmacists had the second largest average increase per year in debt ($8356). Conclusion. Educational debt-to-income ratios in the United States increased considerably over the past decade among pharmacists, dentists, and veterinarians and can negatively impact health professionals as well as patient care. Innovative strategies are needed to alleviate the educational debt burden.

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An Industrial Engineering Approach to Cost Containment of Pharmacy Education

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Life Cycle of Quality Management System in Organizations

Life Cycle of Quality Management System in Organizations

Kaizen Method Implementation in Industries: Literature Review and Research Issues

Analysis of Educational Debt and Income Among Pharmacists and Other Health Professionals

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