An indirect approach to optimize the reaction rates of thermal NO formation for diesel engines

Paul, Chandan; Gao, Jian; Jia, Kai; Patel, Danish; Roggendorf, Kevin; Fogla, Navin; Parrish, Scott; Wahiduzzaman, Syed

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.127287

Fuel

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.127287

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An indirect approach to optimize the reaction rates of thermal NO formation for diesel engines

Chandan Paul

Jian Gao

Kai Jia

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Comparative Study of Key Reactions Affecting Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Methane Laminar Premixed Flame

Kim,

Park

2024

International Journal of Energy Research

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Nitrogen oxides (NOx), classified as an indirect greenhouse gas (GHG), are increasing in demand for reduction as emission regulations are expanded not only in internal combustion engines but also throughout the industry. Nitrogen atoms are dissociated at relatively low temperature and can be easily converted to NOx by radicals and intermediates, so the reaction pathway is complex and changes in a short time. Therefore, numerical analysis methods should be used to simulate combustion phenomena and analyze chemical reactions, emphasizing the importance of the reaction mechanism, which includes reaction constants and reaction pathways. In this study, the laminar premixed flame was simulated using a numerical analysis method, and the NOx formation characteristics were identified according to the analysis variables using a reaction mechanism. The study was carried out using GRI 3.0, Okafor, and Konnov 0.5, which includes the combustion reaction of methane, as the variables used were equivalence ratio and inlet temperature. As a result, it was confirmed that Konnov 0.5 generates less NOx compared to GRI 3.0 and Okafor. Upon analyzing the reaction contribution, it became apparent that the hydrocarbon chain and chain‐branching reaction and the third‐body efficiency coefficient contribute to Konnov 0.5’s NOx generation. The results in one and two dimensions showed similar trends. It is expected that similar results will be obtained for higher‐dimensional systems with complex physical phenomena.

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Comparative Study of Key Reactions Affecting Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Methane Laminar Premixed Flame

Kim,

Park

2024

International Journal of Energy Research

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NOx Formation Mechanism and Emission Prediction in Turbulent Combustion: A Review

Wang,

Yang

2024

Applied Sciences

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The field of nitric oxide (NOx) production combined with turbulent flow is a complex issue of combustion, especially for the different time scales of reactions and flow in numerical simulations. Around this, a series of approach methods, including the empirical formula approach, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach coupling with an infinite rate chemical reaction, the chemical reaction networks (CRNs), and the CFD approach coupling with CRNs, were classified, and we discussed its advantages and applicability. The empirical-formula approach can provide an average range of NOx concentration, and this method can be involved only in special scenarios. However, its simplicity and feasibility still promote practical use, and it is still widely applied in engineering. Moreover, with the help of artificial intelligence, this method was improved in regard to its accuracy. The CFD approach could describe the flow field comprehensively. In compliance with considering NOx formation as finite-rate chemical reactions, the NOx concentration distribution via simulation cannot match well with experimental results due to the restriction caused by the simplification of the combustion reaction. Considering NOx formation as a finite-rate chemical reaction, the CRNs approach was involved in CFD simulation, and the CRNs approach could forecast the NOx concentration distribution in the flow field. This article mainly focuses on the simulation method of nitric oxide (NOx) production in different combustion conditions. This review could help readers understand the details of the NOx formation mechanism and NOx formation prediction approach.

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An indirect approach to optimize the reaction rates of thermal NO formation for diesel engines

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Comparative Study of Key Reactions Affecting Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Methane Laminar Premixed Flame

Comparative Study of Key Reactions Affecting Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Methane Laminar Premixed Flame

NOx Formation Mechanism and Emission Prediction in Turbulent Combustion: A Review

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