An index value for characterizing hardsetting soils by fall-cone penetration

Becher, H. H.; Breuer, Jörn; Klingler, B.

doi:10.1016/0933-3630(95)00043-7

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the sandy loam soil of Maranhão State, this is fundamental, because soil under drought tends to harden, due to the high degree of cohesion of the predominating fine sand (Moura et al, 2008). In addition, low levels of free Fe and organic matter contribute to increased cohesion and penetration resistance in soils of a fragile nature when humidity declines (Becher et al, 1997). Thus, the principal effect of the mulch is to reduce evapotranspiration, which delays soil drying and hardening, in periods without rain.…”

Section: Agronomic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and agricultural benefits of a management system designed for sandy loam soils of the humid tropics

Aguiar

Amorim

Coelho

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYA sustainable management of soils with low natural fertility on family farms in the humid tropics is a great challenge and overcoming it would be an enormous benefit for the environment and the farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental and agronomic benefits of alley cropping, based on the evaluation of C sequestration, soil quality indicators, and corn yields. Combinations of four legumes were used in alley cropping systems in the following treatments: Clitoria fairchildiana + Cajanus cajan; Acacia mangium + Cajanus cajan; Leucaena leucocephala + Cajanus cajan; Clitoria fairchildiana + Leucaena leucocephala; Leucaena leucocephala + Acacia mangium and a control. Corn was used as a cash crop. The C content was determined in the different compartments of soil organic matter, CEC, available P, base saturation, percentage of water saturation, the period of the root hospitality factor below the critical level and corn yield. It was concluded that alley cropping could substitute the slash and burn system in the humid tropics. The main environmental benefit of alley cropping is the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium between C input and output that could sustain up to 10 Mg ha -1 of C in the litter layer, decreasing atmospheric CO 2 levels. Alley cropping is also beneficial from the agricultural point of view, because it increases base saturation and decreases physical resistance to root penetration in the soil layer 0 -10 cm, which ensures the increase and sustainability of corn yield.Index terms: corn, alley cropping, litterfall, rootability.(

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Section: Agronomic Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and agricultural benefits of a management system designed for sandy loam soils of the humid tropics

Aguiar

Amorim

Coelho

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Soil cover provides positive effects (i) by enhancing the rootability of soils susceptible to hardsetting, since covering the soil surface with mulch preserves the soil moisture by reducing evaporative losses thereby delaying cohesion (Becher et al, 1997); (ii) by promoting the formation of unstable aggregates through continuous application of residues that improve the environment for root growth and via increases in the free light fraction of organic matter (Shepherd et al, 2002); (iii) by decreasing the P sorption in highly weathered soils by promoting competition between residue decomposition products and P by sorption sites (Gupy et al, 2005); and (iv) by producing organic acids and humic substances during decomposition, which are also involved in the P solubilization process (Singh and Amberger, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization and fate of phosphorus of different sources applied to cohesive soil of Amazonian periphery

Coelho

Aguiar

Sena

et al. 2017

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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In the Amazonian region, P is often a primary factor limiting sustainable agrosystems. We compared the efficiencies of local aluminous phosphate (ALP) and single superphosphate (SSP) under a cover of leguminous residues to determine the fate of P sources in an Amazonian soil with hardsetting characteristics. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four replications and the following treatments: ALPU, i.e. ALP plus urea (U); ALPL, i.e., ALP plus leucaena (L); SSPU, i.e., SSP plus urea; SSPL, i.e., SSP plus leucaena; and BS, i.e., bare soil (without residues). To assess the residual values of the P sources, we used a sequence of crops consisting of maize, cowpea and cassava. Both ALP and SSP exhibited low P efficiency in BS. The greatest amounts of P and N uptake in the plots where P sources and leucaena residues were added, as in those covered with leucaena residue, resulted in higher productivity levels.These differences are important for the adoption of beneficial soil management practices and the use of P sources to enhance efficiency in tropical soils. The use of residues increased the P use efficiency of both P sources, as it enhanced the uptake of both N and soluble P. The replacement of SSP with ALP may be advantageous in the second year of planting with high-demand crops, but the P of the SSP retained in the minus soluble fractions may be available if the SSP is used in P-depleting crops combined with no-tillage underneath a mulch of residues.

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“…Giarola et al (2001) demonstrated the similarity between the physical and morphological properties of cohevise soils in Brazil and hard-setting soils in Australia. Advances in the study of Australian hardsetting soils allowed the use of quantitative indices to identify hard-setting soils in that country based on the curve of soil penetration resistance (Becher et al, 1997), the soil organic matter content and the tensile strength of air-dried aggregates (Mullins, 1997). The cohesive soils are called hard-setting for better reading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Index of soil physical quality of hardsetting soils on the brazilian coast

Lima

Silva

Giarola

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYMany soils have a hard-setting behavior, also known as cohesive or "coesos". In such soils, the penetration resistance increases markedly when dry and decreases considerably when moist, creating serious limitations for plant emergence and growth. To evaluate the level of structure degradation in hardsetting soils with different texture classes and to create an index for assessing soil hardness levels in hard-setting soils, six soil representative profiles were selected in the field in various regions of Brazil. The following indices were tested: S, which measures soil physical quality, and H, which analyzes the degree of hardness and the effective stress in the soil during drying. Both indices were calculated using previously described functions based on data from the water-retention curves for the soils. The hard-setting values identified in different soils of the Brazilian Coastal Tablelands have distinct compaction (hardness) levels and can be satisfactorily measured by the H index. The S index was adequate for evaluating the structural characteristics of the hard-setting soils, classifying them as suitable or poor for cultivation, but only when the moisture level of the soil was near the inflection point. The H index showed that increases in density in hard-setting soils result from increases in effective stress and not from the soil texture. Values for Bd > 1.48 kg dm -3 classify the soil as hard-setting, and the structural organization is considered "poor".Index terms: S index, coastal tablelands, soil consistency, hardened horizons. Muitos solos exibem o comportamento coeso, o qual caracteriza solos que, quando secos, apresentam incremento acentuado de resistência à penetração e sensível redução dessa resistência, quando úmidos, oferecendo sérias limitações à emergência e ao crescimento das plantas. Com os objetivos de avaliar o nível de degradação da estrutura em solos coesos com diferentes classes texturais e estabelecer um índice para determinar o grau de dureza dos solos que apresentam o caráter coeso, foram selecionados seis perfis de solos previamente identificados no campo e localizados em diferentes regiões do país. Testaram-se os índices: S, que determina a qualidade física do solo; e o H, que avalia o grau de dureza e o estresse efetivo sofrido pelo solo durante o secamento. Ambos os índices foram definidos por meio de funções preestabelecidas, utilizando dados da curva de retenção de água no solo. Os resultados comprovaram que o caráter coeso identificado em diferentes solos, na faixa de Tabuleiros Costeiros do Brasil, evidenciou níveis distintos de adensamento (dureza) e pode ser quantificado satisfatoriamente pelo índice H. A utilização do índice S foi adequada para avaliar as condições estruturais dos solos com caráter coeso, classificando-se como bons ou ruins para o cultivo, mas somente quando o solo estava na umidade correspondente ao ponto de inflexão. O índice H comprovou que o aumento da densidade do solo nos solos coesos é proveniente do aumento do estresse efetivo e não da te...

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An index value for characterizing hardsetting soils by fall-cone penetration

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Environmental and agricultural benefits of a management system designed for sandy loam soils of the humid tropics

Environmental and agricultural benefits of a management system designed for sandy loam soils of the humid tropics

Utilization and fate of phosphorus of different sources applied to cohesive soil of Amazonian periphery

Index of soil physical quality of hardsetting soils on the brazilian coast

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