An index approach to heavy metal pollution assessment of Eme River, Umuahia, Nigeria

Anyanwu, Emeka Donald; Umeham, Solomon Nnanna

doi:10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2067

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Swimming by large number of children, bathing, washing and extraction of water for drinking were high during the dry season and affected turbidity in Station 1. However, Stations 4-6 had relatively higher values between May and November 2018; attributed to the effect of sand mining activities which increased with the rains [31,39,40]. This was more remarkable in Station 4 that was immediately downstream of sand mining and landing sites and steadily declined further downstream [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality and Plankton Assessment of Eme River, Umuahia, Southeast Nigeria

Anyanwu

Adetunji

Umeham

2021

Preprint

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Certain anthropogenic activities have negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystems. Plankton are sensitive to their environment and are used to monitor anthropogenic impacts. A South-eastern Nigeria River was studied from December 2017 to November 2018 in 6 stations; to assess the plankton community, water quality and anthropogenic impacts. The river was subjected to intense sand mining activities among other activities. The plankton was sampled with filtration method while water was collected and analysed using standard methods. A total of 36 phytoplankton species and 27 zooplankton species were recorded with Chlorophyceae and Rotifers being the most abundant groups. The most abundant species - Melosira granulata (phytoplankton) and Daphnia pulex (zooplankton) are pollution indicators. Some of the physicochemical parameters showed that the river was perturbed by the anthropogenic activities in the watershed. However, the plankton assemblage and community structure gave an indication of a stable environment; though the zooplankton fauna showed some level of stress. The impacts of sand mining activities on water quality and plankton were more in the downstream stations (4–6) where sand mining was intense while perturbation from swimming children and related activities were observed in station 1 especially during the dry season. The presence of eutrophic indicators and tolerant species showed that the river was tending towards eutrophication. Sand mining activities contributed to the nutrient enrichment of the river. CCA showed the major water quality parameters that influenced the plankton community structure. There is need to regulate illegal sand mining activities in the river.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality and Plankton Assessment of Eme River, Umuahia, Southeast Nigeria

Anyanwu

Adetunji

Umeham

2021

Preprint

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“…Stations 2 and 3 had higher HPI values attributable to geology, season, and human activities, especially sand mining activities. The contribution of sand mining to heavy metal contamination has been variously reported (Pillay et al, 2014;Anyanwu and Umeham, 2020b;Ijaola and Simon, 2021). The HPI values recorded in this study were lower than 1408.33 recorded in River Povpov, Itakpe, Kogi State, Nigeria (Ameh and Akpah, 2011) but higher than 619.8 recorded in Eme River, Umuahia (Anyanwu and Umeham (2020b) and 512.4 recorded in Iyiakwu River, Elemaga .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…HPI indicates the total quality of water with respect to heavy metals (Horton, 1965;Mohan et al, 1996). HPI has been applied extensively (Addey et al, 2018;Anyanwu and Umeham, 2020b;Hamidu et al, 2021). To compute HPI, unit weightage (W i ) was considered as a value inversely proportional to the recommended standard (S i ) for the relevant parameters (Prasad and Bose, 2001).…”

Section: Pollution Assessment Indices 231 Heavy Metal Pollution Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CN i is considered the standard permissible value (S i ) used in the calculation of HPI. This method has been widely used by various researchers (Biswas et al, 2017;Dibofori-Orji et al, 2019;Anyanwu and Umeham, 2020b).…”

Section: Contamination Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and contamination index are quality indices used in rating the composite influence of dissolved heavy metals in rivers (Addey et al, 2018;Anyanwu and Umeham, 2020b;Hamidu et al, 2021). It is calculated from the viewpoint of the suitability of water for human consumption concerning metals contamination (Majhi and Biswal, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metal Content of Water in Ikwu River (Umuahia, Nigeria): Pollution Indices and Health Risk Assessment Approach

Anyanwu

ADETUNJİ

NWOKE

2022

Acta Aquatica Turcica

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The heavy metal content of a local drinking water source in Southeast Nigeria was studied between January 2021 and June 2021 in 3 stations. Pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index and contamination index) and health risk assessment for noncarcinogenic were used to check the water's suitability for human consumption. Eight heavy metals were assessed with standard methods and compared with The Nigerian Drinking Water Quality Standard. Some metals (Mn, Pb, Fe, Cd, and Cr) exceeded acceptable limits. The heavy metal pollution index exceeded the threshold value (100), ranging between 503.56 and 746.80. The contamination index ranged between 10.74 and 17.12 indicating high contamination potential and all the hazard indices exceeded unity (1). The heavy metal content, pollution indices, and health risk assessment has shown that the water from the Ikwu River was not fit for human consumption. The main metals that influenced the results were Mn, Pb, Fe, Cd, and Cr, because they exceeded limits while Cd and Cr were responsible for the observed adverse health risk. The children were more vulnerable. The geogenic influence was a major factor exacerbated by season and anthropogenic activities in the river. Keywords Limits  Heavy metal  Water quality  Indices  Drinking water Özet: Güneydoğu Nijerya'da yerel bir içme suyu kaynağının ağır metal içeriği Ocak 2021 ile Haziran 2021 arasında 3 istasyonda incelenmiştir. Suyun insan tüketimine uygunluğunu kontrol etmek için kirlilik indeksleri (ağır metal kirlilik indeksi ve bulaşma indeksi) ve kanserojen olmayanlar için sağlık risk değerlendirmesi kullanıldı. Sekiz ağır metal, standart yöntemlerle değerlendirildi ve Nijerya İçme Suyu Kalite Standardı ile karşılaştırıldı. Bazı metaller (Mn, Pb, Fe, Cd ve Cr) kabul edilebilir sınırları aştı. Ağır metal kirlilik indeksi eşik değerini (100) aştı; 503,56 ile 746,80 arasında değişmektedir. Kirlilik indeksi 10.74 ile 17.12 arasında değişmekte olup, yüksek kontaminasyon potansiyeline işaret etmekte ve tüm tehlike indeksleri birden (1) aşmaktadır. Çocuklar daha savunmasızdı. Jeojenik etki, nehirdeki mevsim ve antropojenik faaliyetlerle şiddetlenen önemli bir faktördü.

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Limnological properties and phytoplankton as indicator of pollution, Choba segment, New Calabar River, Port Harcourt Nigeria

B.B¹,

S²,

N³

2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The limnological properties and phytoplankton as pollution indicator was studied for three Months between February and April,2022. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected from three stations following standard method of APHA using 45µm mesh size plankton net and plastic bottles for phytoplankton and physicochemical variables respectively. The results showed that some of the physicochemical variables studied had their mean values, pH (6.23±0.69), dissolved oxygen (DO)(5.60±0.11 mg/l), electrical conductivity (EC)(280.00±7.0 µs/cm), sulphate (SO4) (83.00±1.00 mg/l) and turbidity(4.91±0.43 cm) within the permissible limits of WHO while others were above the limits. The results also showed that all the variables did not show significant difference spatially at p<0.05 except BOD, EC and NO3. Most of the variables recorded the highest values in March except NO3 with SO4 and NO3 recording the highest values in station 2. A total number of 31 species of phytoplankton belonging to the five taxonomic groups in the order, bacillariophyceae, cholorophyceae, cyanophyceae, chrysophyceae and xanthophyceae were identified. Phytoplankton species identified to be pollution indicator species were Navicular sigma, Cyclotella combata, Cyclotella operculata, Spirogyra sp, Anabaena affinis, Anabaena flus-aqua, Microcystis pulvenca, and Oscillaria lacustris. The total abundance of phytoplankton was highest in station 2 (1,508 Ind/ml) but lowest in station 1(1,144 Ind/ml). Considering the values of some of the physicochemical variables which were above the permissible limits of WHO and the occurrence of some pollution indicator species, Choba segment of the New Calabar River is considered to be at the verge of been threatened/polluted. Therefore, adequate measures should be put in place to regulate the anthropogenic activities in the area.

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An index approach to heavy metal pollution assessment of Eme River, Umuahia, Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Water Quality and Plankton Assessment of Eme River, Umuahia, Southeast Nigeria

Water Quality and Plankton Assessment of Eme River, Umuahia, Southeast Nigeria

Heavy Metal Content of Water in Ikwu River (Umuahia, Nigeria): Pollution Indices and Health Risk Assessment Approach

Limnological properties and phytoplankton as indicator of pollution, Choba segment, New Calabar River, Port Harcourt Nigeria

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