An independent non-linear latitudinal cline for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (α-<i>Gpdh</i>) polymorphism of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> from eastern Australia

Umina, Paul A; Hoffmann, Ary A.; Weeks, Andrew R.; McKechnie, Stephen William

doi:10.1017/s0016672306007919

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…However subsequent work on recent collections (Umina et al 2006) has shown that a-Gpdh variation exhibits a consistent non-linear cline reflecting an increase in the a-Gpdh F allele at extreme latitudes. This pattern was not influenced by the In(2L)t inversion wherein this locus is located, nor was it influenced by the presence of the a-Gpdh pseudogene, which is widespread in natural populations of D. melanogaster (Umina et al 2006).…”

Section: Clines In Genesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climatic selection on genes and traits after a 100 year-old invasion: a critical look at the temperate-tropical clines in Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia

2006

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Drosophila melanogaster invaded Australia around 100 years ago, most likely through a northern invasion. The wide range of climatic conditions in eastern Australia across which D. melanogaster is now found provides an opportunity for researchers to identify traits and genes that are associated with climatic adaptation. Allozyme studies indicate clinal patterns for at least four loci including a strong linear cline in Adh and a non-linear cline in alpha-Gpdh. Inversion clines were initially established from cytological studies but have now been validated with larger sample sizes using molecular markers for breakpoints. Recent collections indicate that some genetic markers (Adh and In(3R)Payne) have changed over the last 20 years reflecting continuing evolution. Heritable clines have been established for quantitative traits including wing length/area, thorax length and cold and heat resistance. A cline in egg size independent of body size and a weak cline in competitive ability have also been established. Postulated clinal patterns for resistance to desiccation and starvation have not been supported by extensive sampling. Experiments under laboratory and semi-natural conditions have suggested selective factors generating clinal patterns, particularly for reproductive patterns over winter. Attempts are being made to link clinal variation in traits to specific genes using QTL analysis and the candidate locus approach, and to identify the genetic architecture of trait variation along the cline. This is proving difficult because of inversion polymorphisms that generate disequilibrium among genes. Substantial gaps still remain in linking clines to field selection and understanding the genetic and physiological basis of the adaptive shifts. However D. melanogaster populations in eastern Australia remain an excellent resource for understanding past and future evolutionary responses to climate change.

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Section: Clines In Genesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climatic selection on genes and traits after a 100 year-old invasion: a critical look at the temperate-tropical clines in Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia

2006

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“…Inversion frequencies are typically linked to climate data from weather stations but these data might not reflect conditions experienced by flies and larvae from different parts of the geographic range. Geographic studies typically consider only linear clinal patterns, whereas high density sampling of a cline might reveal a nonlinear pattern as in the case of markers within the In(2L)t inversion in D. melanogaster (Umina et al 2006). …”

Section: Frequency Changes In Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent examples of this approach in D. melanogaster include Fryenberg et al (2003), who showed that clinal patterns in one of the small heat shock proteins ( hsp 26 ) persisted when only patterns within the In(3L)P inversion were considered, and Umina et al (2006), who separated the effects of In(2L)t from the Gpdh polymorphism.…”

Section: Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution: From Population Genetic Markers to Drivers of Adaptive Shifts and Speciation?

Hoffmann

Rieseberg

2008

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

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There is a growing appreciation that chromosome inversions affect rates of adaptation, speciation, and the evolution of sex chromosomes. Comparative genomic studies have identified many new paracentric inversion polymorphisms. Population models suggest that inversions can spread by reducing recombination between alleles that independently increase fitness, without epistasis or coadaptation. Areas of linkage disequilibrium extend across large inversions but may be interspersed by areas with little disequilibrium. Genes located within inversions are associated with a variety of traits including those involved in climatic adaptation. Inversion polymorphisms may contribute to speciation by generating underdominance owing to inviable gametes, but an alternative view gaining support is that inversions facilitate speciation by reducing recombination, protecting genomic regions from introgression. Likewise, inversions may facilitate the evolution of sex chromosomes by reducing recombination between sex determining alleles and alleles with sex-specific effects. However, few genes within inversions responsible for fitness effects or speciation have been identified.

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“…The ability of a population to persist in the face of environmental change will depend on the effects of abiotic stress on individual survival, physiological performance, and reproductive output (Karlsson and Wiklund 2005;Chamaille-Jammes et al 2006;Lester et al 2007;Musolin 2007;Reed et al 2007), phenotypic plasticity (Garland and Kelly 2006;Ghalambor et al 2007;Nussey et al 2007), interactions with other species (Leonard 2000;Bertness and Ewanchuk 2002;Petes et al 2007;Brooker et al 2008), and the population's genetic composition (Haag et al 2005;Hanski and Saccheri 2006). Although effects of climate change on natural populations have been extensively investigated, researchers have only recently begun to identify specific features that might allow populations to persist in a changing environment (Helmuth et al 2002;McLaughlin et al 2002;Pearson and Dawson 2003;Bradshaw et al 2004;Ellis and Post 2004;Balanya et al 2006;Bradshaw and Holzapfel 2006;Gilman et al 2006;Harley et al 2006;Svensson et al 2006;Umina et al 2006;Tran et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

Dahlhoff¹,

Fearnley²,

Bruce³

et al. 2008

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Understanding how climate change impacts natural systems requires investigations of the effects of environmental variation on vulnerable species and documentation of how populations respond to change. The willow beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis is ideal for such studies. It lives in California's Sierra Nevada on the southern edge of its worldwide range. Beetles experience elevated air temperatures during summertime egg laying and larval development. Exposure to these temperatures causes physiological stress, which may reduce reproductive success and endanger populations. The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a marker of temperature adaptation in C. aeneicollis. PGI allele frequency varies across a latitudinal gradient: allele 1 is common in Rock Creek (RC), which is cooler and to the north, and allele 4 is common in Big Pine Creek (BPC), which is warmer and to the south. In populations that are intermediate in geography and climate (e.g., Bishop Creek [BC]), PGI-4 frequency increases from north to south such that alleles 1 and 4 are in relatively equal frequency in southern BC. Over the past decade, Sierra Nevada beetle populations have colonized high elevations and have become extinct at lower elevations where they were once common. In BC, the magnitude of PGI allele frequency fluctuations among lifehistory stages is related to maximal air temperature, with the frequency of PGI-4 increasing after the hottest part of summer. To identify mechanisms that may cause shifts in PGI allele frequency, we measured metabolic rate and fecundity for beetles collected at BC. Metabolic rate of males and females was measured at 20Њ and 36ЊC using flow-through respirometry. To measure laboratory fecundity, mating pairs were acclimated for 4 h each afternoon at a control temperature (20ЊC) or at mildly elevated temperatures (26Њ or 32ЊC) and number of eggs laid was counted daily for 24 d, after which tissue levels of 70-kD heat shock proteins (Hsp70) were determined. Previous studies had demonstrated differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes at these temperatures. To measure field fecundity, mating pairs from BC were transplanted to similar elevations in BPC, BC, and RC and were monitored in situ for 24 d. Metabolic rate was higher for PGI 4-4 genotypes than for PGI 1-4 or PGI 1-1 individuals at 36ЊC but not at 20ЊC. In contrast, laboratory fecundity was greatest for females possessing PGI-1, independent of acclimation temperature. At the end of the laboratory fecundity experiment, Hsp70 expression was positively related to fecundity, suggesting minimal reproductive cost of upregulation of heat shock proteins in response to mild heat stress. In the field, fecundity was highest for PGI 1-1 and PGI 1-4 individuals in RC and PGI 4-4 individuals in BPC and was similar for all genotypes in BC. Thus, fecundity in nature was greatest for the genotypes that were most common in each area. Taken together, data reported here suggest that hot, dry summers in the Sierra Nevada may result in an increase in fre...

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An independent non-linear latitudinal cline for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (α-Gpdh) polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Climatic selection on genes and traits after a 100 year-old invasion: a critical look at the temperate-tropical clines in Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia

Climatic selection on genes and traits after a 100 year-old invasion: a critical look at the temperate-tropical clines in Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia

Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution: From Population Genetic Markers to Drivers of Adaptive Shifts and Speciation?

Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

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