An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes

Gannon, Mary C.; Nuttall, Frank Q.; Saeed, Asad; Jordan, Kelly A.; Hoover, Heidi

doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.4.734

Cited by 346 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We found no significant difference in glycaemic control between subjects on the two diets. In contrast, a small study of 12 obese subjects with Type 2 diabetes showed a small, but significant improvement in HbA 1 c over 5 weeks on a weight-maintaining highprotein diet containing a protein : carbohydrate : fat ratio of 30:40:30, compared to an isocaloric low-protein diet (15:55:30) [10]. Since LBM is associated with glycaemic control [26], it is possible that the loss of LBM in our subjects may have masked any small effect of diet on glucose control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Several short-term, randomised, controlled studies (≤6 months duration) have shown that the replacement of some dietary carbohydrate with protein in low-fat diets (≤30%) enhances weight loss [7], is associated with favourable changes in body composition [7,8,9] and exerts beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, including insulin sensitivity [8], glycaemic control [10,11] and lipid profile [8,9,12]. While these diets may offer modest short-term metabolic advantages, to date, there are no long-term clinical trials of their long-term efficacy, safety and acceptability compared to conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets in persons with Type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. This study compared the long-term weight loss and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, after a 12-week intensive intervention consisting of two low-fat, weight-loss diets, which differed in protein content. Methods. We randomly assigned 66 obese patients (BMI: 27-40 kg/m 2 ) with Type 2 diabetes to either a low-protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein diet (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks of energy restriction (~6.7 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for a further 12 months of follow-up. Results. The study was completed by 38 of the subjects, with equal dropouts in each group. At Week 64, weight reductions against baseline were −2.2±1.1 kg (low protein) and −3.7±1.0 kg (high protein), p<0.01, with no diet effect. Fat mass was not different from baseline in either group. At Week 12, both diets reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6 and 3 mm Hg respectively, but blood pressure increased more with weight regain during follow-up in the lowprotein group (p≤0.04). At Week 64, both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol and lowered C-reactive protein concentrations. There was no difference in the urinary urea : creatinine ratio at baseline between the two groups, but this ratio increased at Week 12 (in the high-protein group only, p<0.001, diet effect), remaining stable during follow-up in both diets. Conclusions/interpretation. A high-protein weightreduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a lowprotein diet with similar weight reduction in people with Type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

et al. 2004

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“…For example, some studies showed better glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients taking lower levels of carbohydrate23, 24, 25, whereas some others showed no difference26, 27. Conflicting results were also reported by various studies regarding the clinical outcomes in patients having higher or usual protein intake28, 29, 30, 31. Eating plans and nutrition therapy goals should be set collaboratively with individual needs including the patients’ metabolic targets, personal and cultural preferences, literacy and economic capability, as well as their ability and willingness to change16.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and physical activity of adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province of eastern China: Data from a cross‐sectional study

Pan

Ming-xia

et al. 2016

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/IntroductionLifestyle management helps improve the clinical outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to obtain lifestyle data on the dietary and physical activity of adult type 2 diabetes patients in Zhejiang province of eastern China for better patient education and improvement of clinical management.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 607 adult type 2 diabetes patients was carried out in 12 hospitals within eight cities of Zhejiang province. Data were collected for sex, age, basic physical measurement (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference), dietary favor and habit (vegetarian diets vs meat diets, preference of salty or light flavors), detailed dietary intake (24‐h recall method), as well as the weekly physical activity.ResultsThe mean age of the patients in the analysis was 56.39 ± 12.29 years, and 38.71% of the patients had higher levels of body mass index than recommended. The average daily total energy intake was 1887.71 ± 575.10 kcal. The percentage of calories from carbohydrate, protein and fat were 61.36 ± 11.59%, 13.29 ± 3.37% and 25.35 ± 11.16%, respectively. For physical activity, the patients generally spent most of their daily time sitting and sleeping, and the time for moderate vigorous activity was limited.ConclusionsAdult patients with type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province have a relatively high carbohydrate and low protein diet, with very limited physical activity. Patient education to achieve a better lifestyle intervention needs to improve in this region.

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“…Much evidence indicates that insulin sensitivity, which can be affected by diet 4 , is an important determinant of ovulatory function and fertility 5,6 . The amount and sources of protein in diet have been found to influence insulin sensitivity [7][8][9][10] , yet high-protein, lowcalorie diets have been found not to influence reproductive parameters beyond their effects on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 11,12 . However, it is not currently known whether the amount or source of dietary protein affects ovulatory function or fertility among healthy women not in weight loss diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein intake and ovulatory infertility

Chavarro

Rich‐Edwards

Rosner

et al. 2008

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

135

100

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Objective-To evaluate whether intake of protein from animal and vegetable origin is associated with ovulatory infertility.Study Design-18,555 married women without a history of infertility were followed as they attempted a pregnancy or became pregnant during an eight year period. Dietary assessments were related to the incidence of ovulatory infertility.Results-During follow-up, 438 women reported ovulatory infertility. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk [RR] (95% CI; P, trend) of ovulatory infertility comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of animal protein intake was 1.39 (1.01 -1.90; 0.03). The corresponding RR (95% CI; P, trend) for vegetable protein intake was 0.78 (0.54 -1.12; 0.07). Further, consuming 5% of total energy intake as vegetable protein rather than as animal protein was associated with a more than 50% lower risk of ovulatory infertility (P = 0.007).Conclusions-Replacing animal sources of protein with vegetable sources of protein may reduce ovulatory infertility risk.

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An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes

Abstract: A high-protein diet lowers blood glucose postprandially in persons with type 2 diabetes and improves overall glucose control. However, longer-term studies are necessary to determine the total magnitude of response, possible adverse effects, and the long-term acceptability of the diet.

Cited by 346 publications

References 38 publications

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

Dietary and physical activity of adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province of eastern China: Data from a cross‐sectional study

Protein intake and ovulatory infertility

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