An in vivo study of a gold nanocomposite biomaterial for vascular repair

Abstract

Currently vascular repairs are treated using synthetic or biologic patches, however these patches have an array of complications, including calcification, rupture, re-stenosis, and intimal hyperplasia. An active patch material composed of decellulzarized tissue conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed and the long term biocompatibility and cellular integration was investigated. Porcine abdominal aortic tissue was decellularized and conjugated with 100nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP). These patches were placed over a longitudinal arteriotomy of the thoracic aorta in six pigs. The animals were monitored for six months. Gross, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses of the patches were performed after euthanasia. Grossly there was minimal scar tissue with the patches still visible on the outer surface of the vessel. The inner lumen was smooth with a seamless transition from patch to native tissue. Histology demonstrated infiltration of host cells into the patch material. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated an endothelial cell layer forming over the patch within the vessel. Smooth muscle cells were repopulating the biomaterial in all animals. These results demonstrated that the AuNP biomaterial patch integrated well with the host tissue and did not failed over the six month implantation time.

Antibacterial properties and toxicity from metallic nanomaterials

“…Moreover, the patches were capable of withstanding the aortic pressure within the five surviving pigs while also promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. 83 …”

Silver nanoparticles improve structural stability and biocompatibility of decellularized porcine liver

“…Recently, interest in nanotechnology has increased, such that some studies have attempted to modify different decellularized tissues, using several nanomaterials of various sizes and shapes, for multiple purposes [7][8][9]. Among these nanomaterials, the applications of noble metal nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have increased because of their unique characteristics [10].…”

3D Manufacture of Gold Nanocomposite Channels Facilitates Neural Differentiation and Regeneration

“…Ostdiek et al created a gold nanoparticle loaded decellularized abdominal aortic channel to repair swine thoracic aorta injury model. At 6 months postoperatively, they noticed a thickened endothelial layer from gold‐based biomaterial group and CD31 was significantly upregulated in comparison with the control group via immunohistochemistry staining . Therefore, in this study, we also used CD31 immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate the angiogenesis condition from all groups at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after surgery.…”

“…These materials accelerate axon extension, such as polypyrrole (PPY) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) with outstanding electrical conductivity . Apart from them, gold is a promising metal with high mechanical strength and favorable biocompatibility, and has been widely researched in various fields, such as vascular injury, dermal and skeletal muscle reconstruction, as well as cardiac damages . In PNI, there are some important discoveries concerning the application of gold nanocomposite.…”