“…In these cells, which express high levels of Bmp2 , the UCS activates expression by 3 to 5 times the level driven by the Bmp2 promoter alone [Abrams et al, ; Jiang et al, ]. Mesenchymal cell repression is independent of the promoter, coding sequence, and polyadenylation signal [Fukui et al, ; Devaney et al, ; Kruithof et al, ,]. In contrast, we have only observed reporter gene activation in vectors driven by the Bmp2 promoter itself [Abrams et al, ; Jiang et al, ].…”