An In Vivo Experimental Validation of a Computational Model of Human Foot

Tao, Kai; Wang, Dongmei; Wang, Chengtao; Wang, Xu; Liu, Anmin; Nester, Christopher; Howard, David

doi:10.1016/s1672-6529(08)60138-9

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies have been performed to quantify the mechanical properties of the heel pad at structural and tissue levels. In vivo studies generally used indentation [13][14][15][16] or impact loading scenarios [17]. Typically performed to replicate heel strike dynamics, impact tests helped quantify force-deformation behavior at high loading rates and indentation tests quantified the response at low loading rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Inverse Finite Element Analysis of the Heel Pad

Chokhandre

Halloran

Bogert

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Quantification of plantar tissue behavior of the heel pad is essential in developing computational models for predictive analysis of preventive treatment options such as footwear for patients with diabetes. Simulation based studies in the past have generally adopted heel pad properties from the literature, in return using heel-specific geometry with material properties of a different heel. In exceptional cases, patient-specific material characterization was performed with simplified two-dimensional models, without further evaluation of a heel-specific response under different loading conditions. The aim of this study was to conduct an inverse finite element analysis of the heel in order to calculate heel-specific material properties in situ. Multidimensional experimental data available from a previous cadaver study by Erdemir et al. ("An Elaborate Data Set Characterizing the Mechanical Response of the Foot," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 131(9), pp. 094502) was used for model development, optimization, and evaluation of material properties. A specimen-specific three-dimensional finite element representation was developed. Heel pad material properties were determined using inverse finite element analysis by fitting the model behavior to the experimental data. Compression dominant loading, applied using a spherical indenter, was used for optimization of the material properties. The optimized material properties were evaluated through simulations representative of a combined loading scenario (compression and anterior-posterior shear) with a spherical indenter and also of a compression dominant loading applied using an elevated platform. Optimized heel pad material coefficients were 0.001084 MPa (μ), 9.780 (α) (with an effective Poisson's ratio (ν) of 0.475), for a first-order nearly incompressible Ogden material model. The model predicted structural response of the heel pad was in good agreement for both the optimization (<1.05% maximum tool force, 0.9% maximum tool displacement) and validation cases (6.5% maximum tool force, 15% maximum tool displacement). The inverse analysis successfully predicted the material properties for the given specimen-specific heel pad using the experimental data for the specimen. The modeling framework and results can be used for accurate predictions of the three-dimensional interaction of the heel pad with its surroundings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Inverse Finite Element Analysis of the Heel Pad

Chokhandre

Halloran

Bogert

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…Material models for the foot components were selected from published finite element models of the foot (Lemmon et al, 1997, Jacob and Patil, 1999, Verdejo and Mills, 2002, Cheung et al, 2006, Goske et al, 2006, Tao et al 2009, Shin et al, 2012. Preliminary numerical testing was carried out to assess a number of published material models for the plantar soft tissue and to test the effect of mesh size on the predicted pressure wave.…”

Section: Finite Element Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element modelling of radial shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis

Alkhamaali

Crocombe

Solan

et al. 2015

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Finite Element Modelling of Radial Shock Wave Therapy for Chronic Plantar FasciitisTherapeutic use of high-amplitude pressure waves, or shock wave therapy, is emerging as a popular method for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, the mechanism(s) through which this technique promotes healing are unclear. Finite element models of a shock wave source and the foot were constructed to gain a better understanding of the mechanical stimuli that shock wave therapy produces in the context of plantar fasciitis treatment. The model of the shock wave source was based on the geometry of an actual radial shock wave device, in which pressure waves are generated through the collision of two metallic objects: a projectile and an applicator.The foot model was based on the geometry reconstructed from magnetic resonance images of a volunteer and it comprised bones, cartilage, soft tissue, plantar fascia, and Achilles tendon.Dynamic simulations were conducted of a single and of two successive shock wave pulses administered to the foot. The collision between the projectile and the applicator resulted in a stress wave in the applicator. This wave was transmitted into the soft tissue in the form of compression-rarefaction pressure waves with an amplitude of the order of several MPa. The negative pressure at the plantar fascia reached values of over 1.5 MPa, which could be sufficient to generate cavitation in the tissue. The results also show that multiple shock wave pulses may have a cumulative effect in terms of strain energy accumulation in the foot.

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“…Numerous models have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] that include anatomically-based features, patient kinematics from motion capture or fluoroscopy and a subset evaluated against instrumented pressures plates. Numerous models have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] that include anatomically-based features, patient kinematics from motion capture or fluoroscopy and a subset evaluated against instrumented pressures plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finite element analysis is a well-established tool for evaluating foot characteristics in response to material changes including skin deformation, spatial stress variation and plantar contact patterns. Numerous models have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] that include anatomically-based features, patient kinematics from motion capture or fluoroscopy and a subset evaluated against instrumented pressures plates. A consistent key finding from these studies was that internal stresses were more damaging and increased at a higher rate than measured surface pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of the foot Part 1: A continuum framework for evaluating soft tissue stiffening in the pathologic foot

Fernandez

Haque

Hunter

et al. 2012

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Soft tissue stiffening is a common mechanical observation reported in foot pathologies including diabetes mellitus and gout. These material changes influence the spatial distribution of stress and affect blood flow, which is essential to nutrient entry and waste removal. An anatomically-based subject-specific foot model was developed to explore the influence of tissue stiffening on plantar pressure and internal von Mises stress at heel-strike, midstance and toe-off. This work draws on the model database developed for the Physiome project consisting of muscles, bones, soft tissue and other structures such as sensory nerves. The anisotropic structure of soft tissue was embedded in a single continuum as an efficient model for finite soft tissue deformation, and customisation methods were used to capture the unique foot profile. The model was informed by kinetics from an instrumented treadmill and kinematics from motion capture, synchronised together. Foot sole pressure predictions were evaluated against a commercial pressure platform. Key outcomes showed that internal stress can be up to 1.6 times the surface pressure with implications for internal soft tissue damage not observed at the surface. The main nerve branch stimulated during gait was the lateral plantar nerve. This subject-specific modelling framework can play an integral part in therapeutic treatments by informing assistive strategies such as mechanical noise stimulation and orthotics.

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An In Vivo Experimental Validation of a Computational Model of Human Foot

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

A Three-Dimensional Inverse Finite Element Analysis of the Heel Pad

A Three-Dimensional Inverse Finite Element Analysis of the Heel Pad

Finite element modelling of radial shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis

Mechanics of the foot Part 1: A continuum framework for evaluating soft tissue stiffening in the pathologic foot

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