An in vitro study on the induction of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in peripheral blood lymphocyte culture by metal oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Increase in the production and release of engineered nanoparticles are known to induce genetic alterations that directly and indirectly affect the human health. The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of two metal oxide nanoparticles, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 -NPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 -NPs), in human peripheral lymphocyte in vitro. Human peripheral blood cells were cultured with two different concentrations (0.5 µg/mL and 1µg/mL) of SiO 2 and TiO 2 and the genotoxicity was measured using CBMN (Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus) assay. Binucleated cells with micronuclei (Mni), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (Nbuds) were scored along with multi-and mono-nucleated cells. The results showed moderate to highly significant frequency of genotoxicity when compared with untreated negative control. The total nuclear anomalies by using cytokinesis block proliferation index were found to be increased at 10-15 folds in the treated samples than that of the control. The present study shows that the metal oxide nanoparticles induce the formation of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.

Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Oreochromis mossambicus Exposed to Selected Nanoparticles by Using Micronucleus and Comet Bioassays

“…Nanotoxicological research has reported adverse toxic effects of nanoparticles such as disruption of cellular function (Sayes and Warheit, 2009), generation of reactive oxygen species Chitra, 2018a, 2018b), neurotoxicity and organ damage including significant lesions on the lung, liver and kidneys (De Jong and Borm, 2008;Sumi and Chitra, 2017), gill damage and associated respiratory problems (Federici et al, 2007), and DNA damage (Nel et al, 2006). Metal oxide nanoparticles have been shown to induce micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in human peripheral blood lymphocyte culture and caused cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells (Vidya et al, 2017;Vidya and Chitra, 2017a). The present study was designed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of the selected four metal oxide nanoparticles such as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 NPs), aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 NPs) and iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) at sublethal concentrations in Oreochromis mossambicus by using micronucleus test and comet assay.…”