An in vitro study of the effect of the optimal irrigation solution conditions during canine articular surgery

Investigation of synovial fluid lubricants and inflammatory cytokines in the horse: a comparison of recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta-induced synovitis and joint lavage models

“…Arthroscopic lavage decreases inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), thereby mitigating synovitis and cartilage degradation in rabbits with experimentally-induced stifle OA [ 8 ]. A canine cartilage explant study investigated the effect of irrigation fluid osmolality on chondrocyte death and proteolytic gene expression and found no effect on cell death and a decrease in protease gene expression following exposure to all fluid groups [ 12 ]. In an ex vivo bovine stifle joint study, articular cartilage surface friction increased following arthroscopic lavage, and lubricin cartilage immunostaining was reduced as compared to non-lavage controls [ 13 ].…”

“…Bovine cartilage explants, lubricated with lubricin-deficient synovial fluid from humans with camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CACP), an arthritis-like autosomal recessive disorder, reveal increased friction coefficients and increased chondrocyte apoptosis as compared to normal synovial fluid or CACP synovial fluid to which lubricin has been added [ 21 ]. These changes lead to cartilage degradation and perpetuation of inflammation, highlighting the importance of lubricin’s cartilage lubricating function [ 12 ]. To avoid these detrimental cartilage effects, synovial fluid (SF) substitutes have been developed for use in humans in the postoperative period.…”

Future Risk of Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) Breakdown in Cattle Herds 2013–2018: A Dominance Analysis Approach

“…Previous work found that breakdown size in the index case could be a predictor of future bTB risk in Ireland [ 42 , 43 ] and elsewhere (e.g., [ 18 , 20 , 44 ]); our non-significant result could relate to an improved follow-up on larger breakdowns, or it could be related to methodological differences between the studies (case/cohort definitions; 3- vs. 5-year follow-up; survival vs. logistic model). In the present study, ‘zero’ reactor breakdowns appeared to exhibit greater future risk than single reactor index breakdowns; such ‘zero’ reactor breakdowns are caused by the disclosure of lesions found in a routine slaughter, but with no follow-up reactors found at the index test [ 33 ]. The presence of a lesion detected amongst SICTT reactors at slaughter, however, appeared to have little association with future risk.…”

“…A cohort, herd-level quantification of future risk was undertaken using a “breakdown level” dataset (see [ 33 ] for more). This breakdown dataset was constructed such that each line of the data was a discrete breakdown initiated by the disclosure of standard reactors at test or by post-mortem disclosure of infected animals (i.e., TB lesions disclosed during routine slaughter; J. Madden, pers.…”