An In vitro skin corrosivity test—Modifications and validation

Oliver, G.J.A.; Pemberton, Mark; Rhodes, Christopher

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(86)90102-x

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Measurements of electrical resistance is the primary endpoint, a reduction in the TER below a threshold level (5 kΩ for rat) indicates corrosivity. 11 Detailed guidelines are available at OECD Test Guideline 430; 2013. 9,12 Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion This utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive substances and may be used to test solids, liquids (with the exception of aqueous materials with a pH between 4.5 and 8.5), and emulsions.…”

Section: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,10,11 The manifestations of the delayed reaction are similar to acute ICD however follow a "crescendo" pattern of reactivity characterized by a transient increase of the clinical signs and symptoms over time. The unspecific and often overlapping clinical findings as well as unusual course of the skin irritant reaction may thus mimic ACD and indicate the performance of a patch test to differentiate one condition from the other.…”

Section: Delayed Acute Irritant Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Increased awareness and advancement of knowledge on the pathogenesis of ICD are of primary importance for disease prevention at the workplace as well as in the general population. 11 …”

Section: Irritant Dermatitis From Physical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Mateeva¹,

Angelova-Fischer²

2014

Applied Dermatotoxicology

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Section: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Delayed Acute Irritant Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 96%

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Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Mateeva¹,

Angelova-Fischer²

2014

Applied Dermatotoxicology

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“…Another alternative is the use of skin explants from sacrificed animals. The transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) test uses such explants from rat to distinguish between corrosive and non‐corrosive chemicals (OECD TG 430) . Test materials are applied for up to 24 hours, and loss of stratum corneum integrity and barrier function is measured as a reduction in TER using a Wheatstone bridge.…”

Section: Testing—spanning the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin toxicology and 3Rs—Current challenges for public health protection

Riebeling

Luch

Tralau

2018

Experimental Dermatology

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Driven by the fast paced development of complex test systems in vitro, mass spectrometry and omics, we finally have the tools to unravel the molecular events that underlie toxicological adversity. Yet, timely regulatory adaptation of these new tools continues to pose major challenges even for organs readily accessible such as skin. The reasons for this encompass a need for conservatism as well as the need of tests to serve an existing regulatory framework rather than to produce scientific knowledge. It is important to be aware of this in order to align regulatory skin toxicity with the 3R principles more readily. While most chemical safety testing is still based on animal data, regulatory frameworks have seen a strong push towards non-animal approaches. The endpoints corrosion, irritation, sensitisation, absorption and phototoxicity, for example, can now be covered in vitro with the corresponding test guidelines (TGs) being made available by the OECD. However, in vitro approaches tend to be more reductionist. Hence, a combination of several tests is usually preferable to achieve satisfying predictivity. Moreover, the test systems and their combined use need to be standardised and are therefore subject not only to validation but also to the ongoing development of so-called integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATAs). Concomitantly, skin models are being refined to deliver the complexity required for increased applicability and predictivity. Given the importance of regulatory applicability for 3R-derived approaches to have a long-lasting impact, this review examines the state of regulatory implementation and perspectives, respectively.

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“…Corrosive substances produce an irreversible loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and function. This is measured as a reduction in the inherent transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) below a corrosive threshold level 93, 94. The TER is a recommended regulatory approved screening test.…”

Section: Alternatives To Skin Corrosivitymentioning

confidence: 99%