An in vitro method for estimation of iron availability from meals

Miller, Dennis D.; Schricker, B.R.; Rasmussen, Robert R.; Campen, Darrell Van

doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.10.2248

Cited by 650 publications

(415 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Gastrointestinal digestion was applied to infant cereals, whether or not dephytinized, and reconstituted with deionized distilled water using the in vitro method described by Miller et al [15] with modifications aimed at reducing the amounts of the enzymes used because the gastrointestinal tract in the early stages of life is not yet fully developed [16,17] . The method consisted of two phases: gastric and intestinal.…”

Section: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Frontela

Scarino²,

Ferruzza³

et al. 2009

WJG

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AIM:To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells. METHODS:Both dephytinized (by adding an exogenous phytase) and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 mo. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS:Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased (P < 0.05) the cell uptake efficiency (from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%), retention (from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%) and transport efficiency (from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%), of iron, and the uptake efficiency (from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%) and retention (from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%) of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship (P < 0.05) between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed. CONCLUSION:Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.

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Section: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Frontela

Scarino²,

Ferruzza³

et al. 2009

WJG

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“…One of the most ancient methods to estimate dietary iron availability included a simulated gastrointestinal digestion, followed by measurement of soluble and/or dialyzable low molecular weight iron to investigate the chemically available iron in a wide variety of foods (Miller et al, 1981). This work used radioisotopes of iron to measure available iron, but another group used the same in vitro method to study changes in ferritin iron and protein during cooking and gastric digestion by measuring ferritin concentrated by a gel filtration column (Hoppler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Common Methods Used In Fe Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and disadvantages of the animal models v. in vitro studies in iron metabolism: a review

García¹,

Díaz-Castro

2013

Animal

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Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Special molecules have evolved for iron acquisition, transport and storage in soluble, nontoxic forms. Studies about the effects of iron on health are focused on iron metabolism or nutrition to prevent or treat iron deficiency and anemia. These studies are focused in two main aspects: (1) basic studies to elucidate iron metabolism and (2) nutritional studies to evaluate the efficacy of iron supplementation to prevent or treat iron deficiency and anemia. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the experimental models commonly used as well as the methods that are more used in studies related to iron. In vitro studies have used different parts of the gut. In vivo studies are done in humans and animals such as mice, rats, pigs and monkeys. Iron metabolism is a complex process that includes interactions at the systemic level. In vitro studies, despite physiological differences to humans, are useful to increase knowledge related to this essential micronutrient. Isotopic techniques are the most recommended in studies related to iron, but their high cost and required logistic, making them difficult to use. The depletion--repletion of hemoglobin is a method commonly used in animal studies. Three depletion--repletion techniques are mostly used: hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, relative biological values (RBV) and metabolic balance, which are official methods of the association of official analytical chemists. These techniques are well-validated to be used as studies related to iron and their results can be extrapolated to humans. Knowledge about the main advantages and disadvantages of the in vitro and animal models, and methods used in these studies, could increase confidence of researchers in the experimental results with less costs.

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“…Analyses of iron and zinc dialysability were done by a modified method of Miller et al [22] at the Human Nutrition Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. The method uses a simulated gastrointestinal digestion system in which test meals were enzymatically digested and dialyzable iron and zinc pass into a dialysis tube containing a NaHCO 3 solution.…”

Section: Determination Of Iron and Zinc Dialysabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Iron and Zinc Bioavailability in Soybean-Maize-Sorghum Ready to Use Foods: Effect of Soy Protein Concentrate and Added Phytase

PO¹,

Egli²

2016

J Food Process Technol

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Citation: Akomo PO, Egli I, Okoth MW, Bahwere P, Cercamondi CI, et al. (2016) AbstractEfficacy and cost of nutritional supplements are critical in addressing malnutrition. Use of cheaper and locally available ingredients in manufacturing ready-to-use foods (RUF) can potentially reduce cost and increase access to supplements in resource-poor settings. Soy protein concentrate (SPC) is a cheaper source of protein and can potentially replace the more expensive milk powder in RUF. However, SPC contains phytic acid (PA) which inhibits mineral bioavailability. PA may be degraded by the enzyme phytase. This study aimed to determine the effect of replacing skim milk powder (MP) with SPC and of added phytase on bioavailability of iron and zinc in soybean-maize-sorghum RUF.RUF samples were made using either SPC or MP. Phytase was added to food samples with either low (<5%) or high (>50%) moisture prior to estimation of bioavailability of iron and zinc by in vitro dialysability. Compared to samples with MP, SPC-based foods had significantly higher content of PA (0.84 g/100 g vs. 0.57 g/100 g; p<0.001); lower bioavailability of iron (2.79% vs. 4.85%; p<0.001) and lower zinc bioavailability (3.61% vs. 8.69% for zinc; p<0.001). After one hour of incubation at 35°C, 68% of PA in high-moisture foods and 10% of PA in low moisture foods were degraded. The data indicate that replacing MP with SPC in SMS RUF increases PA content with subsequent reduction of bioavailability of iron and zinc. Added phytase significantly reduces PA content in high moisture foods and may potentially remain active in the Stomach where moisture is high. Adding such a phytase could be a promising approach to increase iron and zinc bioavailability from SMS RUFs and provide cheaper locally produced formulations for addressing malnutrition in resource-poor settings.

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An in vitro method for estimation of iron availability from meals

Cited by 650 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron, calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

Advantages and disadvantages of the animal models v. in vitro studies in iron metabolism: a review

Estimated Iron and Zinc Bioavailability in Soybean-Maize-Sorghum Ready to Use Foods: Effect of Soy Protein Concentrate and Added Phytase

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