An in vitro Comparison of Endodontic Medicaments Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide alone and in Combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus Faecalis

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial properties of propolis and calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). Materials and methods:The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin). The various combinations were-group 1: propolis, group 2: calcium hydroxide, group 3: moxifloxacin, group 4: ciprofloxacin, group 5: propolis + moxifloxacin, group 6: propolis + Ciprofloxacin, group 7: calcium hydroxide + ciprofloxacin, group 8: calcium hydroxide + moxifloxacin. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of E. faecalis at different time intervals, i.e. 24, 48 and 72 hours.Results: Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in group V (21.94 ± 4.26) followed by group VI (18.80 ± 1.93), group I (18.71 ± 4.26), group VIII (15.88 ± 2.59), group III (14.91 ± 1.00), group VII (14.57 ± 2.17), group IV (13.91 ± 1.00) and minimum in group II (12.89 ± 2.14). Mean zone of inhibition was found to be maximum at 72 hours and minimum at 24 hours. At all time intervals, the combination of Propalis with Moxiflocacin showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy. Conclusion:On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that propolis and calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Clinical significance: Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intracanal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide

Egyptian fennel honey and/or propolis against MRSA harboring both mecA & icaAgenes

“…These differences are depending on botanical, geographical and seasonal conditions 48 leading to differences in antimicrobial potency more than 100-fold in-between different honeys. 49 Also, propolis MIC has more widely range from 1.0 up to 100 27,45,[50][51][52][53] and may be of very weak potency reaching≥500 54 mg/L depending on very wide range of different propolis constituents from different geographic regions. 24,27,52 Honey possesses antibacterial activities depending on physicochemical properties such as osmotic pressure, low pH of 3 to 4.5 and non-peroxide factors (phytochemicals) as polyphenols, 55 as well as peroxide effects due to H 2 O 2 level in honey which is a strong predictor of its antibacterial activity.…”

Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Placing intracanal medicaments is one of the most conservative methods for reducing the microbial load and incidence of interappointment pain. In vitro studies regarding the anti-microbial [16,27,28], anti-inflammatory [29,30], and biocompatibility [31] properties along with other benefits of propolis due to its antioxidant effects have shown immense potential [32]. However, the effect of propolis on post-instrumentation pain was unknown.…”

“…It possesses anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of flavonoids. Moreover, the anti-microbial properties of propolis have been proven to be superior to calcium hydroxide in vitro [16,17]. Similarly, two clinical studies have found propolis to be superior to calcium hydroxide when used as a direct pulp capping agent and as an intracanal irrigant [18,19].…”

Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of Calcipex and Metapex in endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis: a randomised controlled trial study protocol

“…[10][11][12] Multiple studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of various types of CH-based medicaments. [13][14][15][16] Cwikla et al compared CH mixed with water, CH mixed with iodine-potassium iodide, and CH mixed with iodoform and silicone oil (Metapex). He concluded that Metapex is the most effective dentinal tubule disinfectant.…”