An In Vitro Analysis on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of the Insertion Torque (IT) Values, Removal Torque Values (RTVs), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) Values in Tapered and Cylindrical Implants

Comuzzi, Luca; Tumedei, Margherita; D’Arcangelo, Camillo; Piattelli, Adriano; Iezzi, Giovanna

doi:10.3390/ijerph18179238

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Apart from cutting bone/PU material it probably also compresses the bone in lateral direction during insertion. Previous studies have shown higher stability for tapered versus straight dental implants 15,16,22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks

Gottlow,

Sennerby

2023

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

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BackgroundThe influence of dental implant length and diameter on primary stability in various bone densities is not well understood.AimTo in vitro study the effect of length and diameter on resonance frequency analysis (RFA), insertion torque (IT) and displacement (DP) measurements of dental implants in different implant site densities.Materials and methodsDental implants of four different diameters (Ø 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 mm) and three different lengths (7, 11 and 15 mm) (Neoss Ltd, Harrogate, UK) were placed in polyurethane blocks of three different densities (Sawbones Europe AB, Malmö, Sweden). The primary stability was assessed by RFA (ISQ) (Osstell, Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) and insertion torque measurements (ITmax in N cm) (iChiropo™, Bien‐Air Dental SA, Bienne, Switzerland). In addition, the blocks were mounted in a rig and a lateral force of 25 N cm was applied to the implants and the DP was measured in μm with a micrometer gauge placed on the opposite side of the load transducer. Statistical analyses using linear and quadratic models were applied.ResultsImplant length, diameter and block density were found to be significant independent predictors of RFA, ITmax, and DP measurements. Implant length had a strong effect, while the effect of diameter in general was subtle, particularly in the softest block.ConclusionsImplant length affects primary stability more than implant diameter in polyurethane blocks of uniform density along the whole length of the tested implants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown higher stability for tapered versus straight dental implants. 15,16,22 5 | CONCLUSION…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks

Gottlow,

Sennerby

2023

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

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“…The dense bone blocks (#40) were characterized by a density of 0.64 g/cc and were laminated on one side with 2 mm of cortical bone (#50). The additional mechanical properties of the bone blocks used in the study are described in the Sawbones catalog [ 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implant primary stability is an important parameter in optimal osseointegration and is a critical prerequisite factor for immediate or early loading [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Primary implant stability is affected by various factors, such as the implant’s geometry, bone quality and quantity (mainly cortical bone thickness), and the surgical drilling technique used [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. There are also special surgical implant preparation site protocols that are adjusted to the bone type in order to modify and improve the implant’s primary stability [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Correlation of Different Devices for the Evaluation of Primary Implant Stability: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2021

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Our aim was to analyze the correlation between the IT evaluated by a surgical motor and the primary implant stability (ISQ) measured by two RFA devices, Osstell and Penguin, in an in vitro model. This study examines the effect of bone type (soft or dense), implant length (13 mm or 8 mm), and implant design (CC: conical connection; IH: internal hexagon), on this correlation. Ninety-six implants were inserted using a surgical motor (IT) into two types of synthetic foam blocks. Initial measurements for both the peak IT and ISQ were recorded at the point when implant insertion was stopped by the surgical motor, and the final measurements were recorded when the implant was completely inserted into the synthetic blocks using only the RFA devices. Our null hypothesis was that there is a good correlation between the devices, independent of the implant length, design, or bone type. We found a positive, significant correlation between the IT, and the Osstell and Penguin devices. Implant length and bone type did not affect this correlation. The correlation between the devices in the CC design was maintained; however, in the IH design it was maintained only between the RFA devices. We concluded that there is a high positive correlation between the IT and ISQ from a mechanical perspective, which was not affected by bone type or implant length but was affected by the implant design.

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“…Higher implant stability corresponds to a higher ISQ value and several factors can affect these readings. Bone density and the macro‐ and micro‐geometries of the implant have all been shown to have an effect (Comuzzi et al, 2021 ; Gehrke et al, 2015 ; Marquezan et al, 2012 ; Merheb et al, 2018 ; Novellino et al, 2017 ). The influence of SmartPeg tightening has only been scantly assessed to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro study evaluating the efficacy of a novel mount with torque control designed to tighten Osstell® transducers

Naughton

Donnelly‐Swift

Polyzois

2023

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel mount with torque control for tightening of Osstell ® transducers and to determine the reliability of recorded ISQ measurements from implants placed in various bone densities.Material and Methods: Fifty-six implants, comprising seven different implant types, were placed in eight polyurethane blocks representing D1, D2, D3, and D4 bone densities. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) transducers were attached to each implant in four different ways: (a) hand tightening, (b) hand tightening with a SmartPeg Mount™, (c) hand tightening using the novel mount with torque control (SafeMount) and (d) tightening to 6 Ncm with a calibrated torque device. ISQ measurements were taken and a second operator repeated the measurements.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the reliability of the measurements and linear mixed effects regression was employed to determine the effect explanatory variables had on ISQ values.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in ISQ values obtained by hand tightening transducers compared to the calibrated torque device p < .001, 95% (−2.89, −1.21) but not between any other tightening methods. There was excellent agreement between the two RFA devices (ICC 0.986) and between buccal and mesial measurements (ICC 0.977). For all transducer tightening methods there was excellent inter-operator agreement in D1 and D2 (ICC > 0.8) but very poor agreement in D4 (ICC < 0.24). Bone density accounted for 36% of the variation in ISQ values, the implant for 11% and the operator for 6%.Conclusions: SafeMount, did not significantly improve the reliability of the RFA measurements when compared to the standard mount, but calibrated torque devices seem to have benefits when compared to tightening the transducers by hand.Results also indicate that the ISQ values should be interpreted with caution when measuring implant stability in poor quality bone regardless of the implant geometry.

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An In Vitro Analysis on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of the Insertion Torque (IT) Values, Removal Torque Values (RTVs), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) Values in Tapered and Cylindrical Implants

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks

Influence of diameter and length on primary stability in various implant site densities—An in vitro study in polyurethane blocks

Reliability and Correlation of Different Devices for the Evaluation of Primary Implant Stability: An In Vitro Study

An in vitro study evaluating the efficacy of a novel mount with torque control designed to tighten Osstell® transducers

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