An in situ methylation of toluene using syngas over bifunctional mixture of Cr2O3/ZnO and HZSM-5

Seulah, Lee; Kim, Donguk; Lee, Jihye; Choi, Yong-Sung; Suh, Young‐Woong; Lee, Changq; Kim, Tae Jin; Lee, Seong Jun; Lee, Jeong Kyu

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2013.06.025

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The dried precipitate was calcined in air at 300°C for 3 h to obtain CZA catalyst. The Cr 2 O 3 /ZnO (CrZ) catalyst was prepared according to the co-precipitation method given in our previous report [31]. The precipitate was calcined in air at 350°C for 6 h to obtain CrZ catalyst.…”

Section: Methanol Synthesis Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reactor pressure was adjusted to 460 psig, and then the reactor temperature was increased to 350-500°C range to test the catalytic activities of bifunctional catalysts in the in situ methylation. The analysis conditions for liquid and gas products can be found elsewhere [31].…”

Section: In Situ Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detail reaction unit and product analysis methods are described elsewhere [31]. Before reaction tests, we pre-pelletized and sieved CZA and CrZ catalysts into 250-500 lm fraction, and then loaded the sieved catalysts (0.5-1.5 g) in a stainless-steel reactor (3/8 00 in OD).…”

Section: Methanol Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tandem reaction (1) not only makes the process simpler and more economic than the conventional two-or multi-step schemes but also displaces the equilibrium involved in methanol synthesis toward the formation of product, and thereby CO conversion to methanol significantly higher than the corresponding equilibrium conversion is achieved [3,4,11,16,22,25,27,30]. The effect of equilibrium displacement becomes more obvious when Cat-I and Cat-II of bifunctional catalyst are present in intimate contact to each other [22,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For instance, we recently reported that the direct conversion of syngas in the presence of toluene (hereafter denoted as ''Tol in situ methylation'') as the secondary reactant over bifunctional catalysts yielded xylene in high selectivity [31]. However, the catalytic behavior underlying the Tol in situ methylation is still quite illusive since many complex reactions as follows occur on a single pass; CO hydrogenation to methanol, toluene methylation, methanol conversions into oxygenates and hydrocarbons other than alkyl-aromatics, toluene disproportion, transalkylation and dealkylation of alkyl-aromatics, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syngas conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by in situ bimolecular reaction

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Res Chem Intermed

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An in situ bimolecular reaction, in which syngas is fed with toluene as a secondary reactant (hereafter Tol in situ methylation), was studied over bifunctional catalysts comprised of methanol synthesis catalyst and H-ZSM-5 in a fixed-bed down-flow reactor at 460 psig. When physically mixed with H-ZSM-5 to form bifunctional catalysts, CrZ_HZ (Cr 2 O 3 /ZnO ? HZSM-5) catalyst showed much higher activity than CZA_HZ (CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 ? H-ZSM-5) in the Tol in situ methylation, while CrZ catalyst exhibited substantially lower activity than CZA in methanol synthesis. CO conversion to methanol in the Tol in situ methylation was estimated by Bz in situ methylation. The CO conversion to methanol was calculated to be in the range of 11-27 %, while that in methanol synthesis over CrZ was about 5 % at most due to chemical equilibrium limitation. By employing a silicalitecoated H-ZSM-5 (Sil/HZ) in bifunctional catalyst, xylene selectivity and paraxylene yield were much improved in the Tol in situ methylation.

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Section: Methanol Synthesis Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methanol Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syngas conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by in situ bimolecular reaction

Kim

Lee

et al. 2015

Res Chem Intermed

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Catalytic Methylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons using CO₂/H₂ over Re/TiO₂ and H‐MOR Catalysts

et al. 2020

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A combined catalyst comprising TiO 2 -supported Re (Re(1)/TiO 2 ; Re = 1 wt%) and H-MOR (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 90) was found to promote the methylation of benzene using CO 2 and H 2 . This catalytic system exhibited high performance with regard to the synthesis of methylated benzenes and gave high yields of total methylated products (up to 52 % benzene-based yield and 42 % CO 2based yield) under the reaction conditions employed in this study (p CO2 = 1 MPa; p H2 = 5 MPa; T = 250°C; t = 20 h) in a batch reactor. Catalyst screening demonstrated that a combination of Re(1)/TiO 2 and H-MOR (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 90) exhibited superior performance compared to other combinations of supported metal catalysts and zeolites in terms of both yield and selectivity for methylated benzenes.

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Performance of Bifunctional ZnZr/ZSM-5 Catalysts in the Alkylation of Benzene with Syngas

et al. 2018

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An in situ methylation of toluene using syngas over bifunctional mixture of Cr2O3/ZnO and HZSM-5

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Syngas conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by in situ bimolecular reaction

Syngas conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by in situ bimolecular reaction

Catalytic Methylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons using CO₂/H₂ over Re/TiO₂ and H‐MOR Catalysts

Performance of Bifunctional ZnZr/ZSM-5 Catalysts in the Alkylation of Benzene with Syngas

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An in situ methylation of toluene using syngas over bifunctional mixture of Cr2O3/ZnO and HZSM-5

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Syngas conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by in situ bimolecular reaction

Syngas conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by in situ bimolecular reaction

Catalytic Methylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons using CO2/H2 over Re/TiO2 and H‐MOR Catalysts

Performance of Bifunctional ZnZr/ZSM-5 Catalysts in the Alkylation of Benzene with Syngas

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Catalytic Methylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons using CO₂/H₂ over Re/TiO₂ and H‐MOR Catalysts