An improvement for CAST-128 encryption based on magic square and matrix inversion

Abstract

This paper presents two image encryption methods which aim to improve the CAST 128-bit algorithm by increasing the security level of encrypted images. The first improvement uses a magic square of order three, while the second improvement uses a 2×2 matrix over GF(P). Both modifications are used in each round of the CAST algorithm, in place of a standard algorithm which uses XOR to increase the correlation between the plaintext and ciphertext. Simulations are carried out in order to evaluate the image encryption system with regard to complexity, time consumption, histogram, information entropy, differential attacks, noise evaluation, adjacent pixels’ correlation index, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) analyses, mean absolute error, and average difference. The experimental results demonstrate that the encryption and decryption time when using the proposed CAST 128-bit algorithm with magic square is less than the time required for the CAST 128-bit algorithm with the matrix. Conversely, the proposed CAST with the matrix is higher than the CAST with the magic square. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm that the two proposed enhancements to CAST perform effectively with sufficient security levels.

Improved Vigenere approach incorporating pseudorandom affine functions for encrypting color images

“…Based on chaos, our method uses a profound improvement of the classic Vigenere technique by employing large substitution tables [26], [27] attached to new pseudorandom substitution functions. We integrated reversible affine functions into the encryption process.…”

“…Thus, improving existing classical techniques such as Hill [10], [11], Caesar, Vigenere [12]- [16], and affine [17], [18] adds value to image encryption. The classic Vigenere encryption method depends on a predetermined (26,26) matrix that is purpose-built for the encryption of text. Additionally, Researchers described in the article [19], [20] a new encryption method that combines the Vigenere cipher with dynamic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence coding [17], [18].…”