An Improved Virtual Inertia Algorithm of Virtual Synchronous Generator

Xu, Huiling; Yu, Cheng‐Chieh; Liu, Chun; Wang, Qinglong; Zhang, Xing

doi:10.35833/mpce.2018.000472

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The transfer function from ΔP to Δω g or ΔP set can be obtained as: The damping ratio ξ Gr is set to satisfy (9) [34], so the inertia coefficient J p =125 kg  m 2 . To obtain satisfactory performance, the phase margin of (13) should be between 30º ~ 60º, and the amplitude margin of (13) should be than 6 dB [35].…”

Section: Case Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of Unified Power Flow Controller as Virtual Synchronous Generator

et al. 2020

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The continuous growth of Renewable Energy (RE) in the grid reduces system inertia and damping, impacting the overall stability of power systems. To alleviate this issue, "virtual" inertia can be provided by power electronics converters. Under this functionality they are controlled to emulate the behavior of rotating machines, operating as Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs). However, gridconnected inverters are susceptible to voltage and frequency disturbances which negatively affect their performance. Therefore, this paper introduces a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) with VSG functionality that can compensate for voltage variations at the point of common coupling and provide a constant voltage reference for the connection of remote RE systems. The detailed controlled strategy together with the small-signal analysis are also developed in this work. The UPFC-VSG is compared with an equivalent Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) with centralized energy storage also under VSG control to illustrate the major benefits of the UPFC-VSG. Validation of the analysis and the proposed control method is provided through simulation of a UPFC-VSG and a STATCOM-VSG supporting the grid-connection of a 100-MVA RE system. INDEX TERMS Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG), inertia emulation, renewable energy, power reference variations, grid disturbances, Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) NOMENCLATURE D p Damping coefficient E m Voltage amplitude reference generated by VSG E m0 Static reference of E m E ref_se Voltage reference of series converter E ref_sh Voltage reference of shunt converter E ref_st Voltage reference of STATCOM f g Grid frequency f UPFC Frequency in UPFC-VSG f STATCOM Frequency in STATCOM-VSG I RES_ST Current amplitude of RES in STATCOM-VSG I RES_UPFC Current amplitude of RES in UPFC-VSG J p Virtual inertia coefficient k V Voltage regulation coefficient k vp , k vi PI in excitation voltage generator

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Section: Case Analysis and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of Unified Power Flow Controller as Virtual Synchronous Generator

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the arctangent function with its upper limit is applied for adaptive parameters design. Based on the above analysis, the parameter adaptation of J is shown in (5). λm is the starting threshold of DC bus voltage change rate.…”

Section: B Adaptive Parameters Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of these control methods are based on PI control algorithm, which only realizes voltage control, but cannot improve the inertia of DC microgrid system. A method of the equivalent moment of inertia of motor by introducing virtual capacitance in DC side is proposed, which provides additional inertial support for DC bus when it is disturbed [5]. Furthermore, the virtual capacitance can be dynamically adjusted to realize the flexible control of virtual inertia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter-Adaptation-Based Virtual DC Motor Control Method for Energy Storage Converter

2021

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To suppress the influence of power fluctuation in the DC microgrid system, virtual DC motor (VDM) control is applied to the energy storage converter for improving the stability of the power system. Due to the fixed parameters adopted in the traditional VDM control strategy, the dynamic response of the system cannot be taken into account. Based on the traditional VDM control strategy，a small signal model is established to analyze the influence of the moment of inertia J and the damping coefficient D on the control performance. Moreover, the effects of J and D on the dynamic response of DC bus voltage under power fluctuation are thoroughly analyzed. Consequently, a novel parameter-adaptation-based VDM control strategy is proposed by realizing the adaptive adjustment of J and D. Furthermore, the comparative simulation of three kinds of operating conditions are carried out, and the adaptive parameters are determined through comparative simulation under three kinds of operating conditions. The results show that, compared with traditional PI control and traditional VDM control, the proposed control strategy has great superiorities in control effect and flexibility, and the anti-interference and dynamic response abilities of the system are significantly improved.

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“…EIC technique applied to the PV inverter based on the swing equation is investigated in [8]. In [9], the synchronverter is designed to emulate the inertia of SG using the first-order mathematical model of SG. In [10], the second-order SG model is considered to design the control algorithm; even though the calculation of ROCOF leads to complexity in the algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertia Emulation Through Supercapacitor for a Weak Grid

Sarojini

Palanisamy

2021

IEEE Access

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Renewable energy sources (RES) have been widely incorporated into the power generation to offset fossil fuels in order to minimize carbon emissions. Typically, RES based power generation integrated into the power grid through the power electronic converters. These power electronic converters decouple the source from the load without providing inertia. As a result, inertia of the power grid decreases, resulting in undesirable load shedding and cascading failures under power imbalances. In order to preserve stability during contingency events, it is important to add inertia support to the grid. This paper demonstrates inertia emulation from the supercapacitor (SC) to resolve the low-inertia issue. Inertia emulator based on supercapacitor (IESC) is formulated to generate inertial power by proportionally linking the grid frequency to the active power reference of SC. This paper proposes an enhanced emulated inertia control (EIC) technique based on the frequency deviation and frequency derivative to address low inertia. EIC technique controls the inverter associated with IESC to exhibit the equivalent inertia characteristics as the synchronous generator. Further, the selection of the capacitance value of SC is derived to achieve the required inertia constant. The small-signal stability of IESC is demonstrated using the power angle curve. Further, the stability of the EIC is verified through bode plot. Simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) results are provided to verify the effectiveness of EIC employed IESC in a weak grid.

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An Improved Virtual Inertia Algorithm of Virtual Synchronous Generator

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Operation of Unified Power Flow Controller as Virtual Synchronous Generator

Operation of Unified Power Flow Controller as Virtual Synchronous Generator

Parameter-Adaptation-Based Virtual DC Motor Control Method for Energy Storage Converter

Inertia Emulation Through Supercapacitor for a Weak Grid

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