An Improved Two-Scale Model for Electromagnetic Backscattering From Sea Surface

Li, Dongfang; Zhao, Zhiqin; Qi, Conghui; Huang, Yu‐An; Zhao, Yanwen; Nie, Zaiping

doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2940036

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, in the classical Two scale model, it is necessary to figure out the cutoff wave number (k cut ) to divide the large-and small-scale waves, the k cut has a great impact on the results of EM scattering. In this paper, the adaptive cutoff wavenumber [47] is chosen to generate the capillary wave for each facet of the sea surface. The expression is obtained by…”

Section: The Modified Facet-based Two-scale Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Model for Electromagnetic Scattering of Sea Surface Covered with Crest Foam and Static Foam

Zhao

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the increase of sea surface wind speed, whitecaps will appear on the sea surface. Generally, for Electromagnetic (EM) scattering of the foam-covered sea surface, medium-scale waves are used to replace the breaking waves of the real sea surface. Another treatment in computation is to adopt one of the whitecap coverages and fixed foam layer thickness. In fact, the evolution process of a breaking wave goes through two stages: stage A (crest foam) and stage B (static foam). In this paper, a geometric model of the sea surface covered with crest foam and static foam is established. The coverage ratio of stage A and stage B is proposed for the first time for a given sea state. In addition, different foam layer thickness distributions in each foam for various wind speeds are also considered. Based on the facet scattering theory of sea surface, this paper adopts the modified facet-based scattering model to deal with the scattering contribution of the sea surface and the effect of foam. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of the geometric modeling and the scattering model of the sea surface, the EM backscattering of sea surface under different sea states are calculated. Simulation results show that the results of the proposed model are more consistent with the measured data than the results of the sea surface covered with individual crest foam or the sea surface covered with individual static foam.Carlo method to study the EM scattering of dense foam on the sea surface. In addition, Kalmykov [10] pointed out that the wedge model could be able to simulate the crest breaking wave, which would enhance the polarization ratio. Lyzenga et al. [11] calculated the EM scattering of the wedge model to modify the scattering coefficient of the sea surface. Churyumov [12] regarded the medium-scale breaking wave as scatterers capable of generating non-Bragg scattering. Kudryavtsev et al. [13,14] established a semi-empirical model to modify the scattering coefficient of the sea surface by considering the breaking wave and whitecap coverage. West and Zhao [15] adopted a Multi-Level Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) to calculate the EM scattering of the LONGTANK wave model, and the results illustrated the high polarization ratio and sea spike. Li et al. [16] established a 3-D scattering model based on the wedge model and the capillary wave modification facet scattering model (CWMFSM), which to some extent interprets the "super events" under high sea conditions. The above works almost adopt the medium-scale waves or a single breaking wave model to replace the real breaking wave of the sea surface. Thus, from the geometric modeling of the foam-covered sea surface, they do not accord with the real situation of the sea surface.As a matter of fact, in [17][18][19], in terms of the time evolution of whitecap, the process of a whitecap goes through two stages: stage A and stage B. Stage A is the growth process, called crest foam, located on the breaking wave. It is produced by a combination of active breaking waves and dragged air. Stage...

show abstract

Section: The Modified Facet-based Two-scale Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Model for Electromagnetic Scattering of Sea Surface Covered with Crest Foam and Static Foam

Zhao

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then, this criterion was used by Liu et al in FASTEM-4 [4]. Furthermore, Li et al (2020) proposed an adaptive cutoff wavenumber by making the measured sea surface roughness equal to the root mean square height of the small-scale sea surface spectrum [23]. Based on the assumption that the physical optical integral is asymptotically "α-stable distribution" under high frequency limit conditions, Johnson et al (2022) proposed a cutoff wavenumber model that depends on frequency, spectrum, and incident angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Research of Cutoff Wavenumber and Wave Spectrum for Electromagnetic Scattering Computation with Two-Scale Method

Guo,

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The two-scale method (TSM) is an effective approach to simulate electromagnetic (EM) scattering from rough sea surface, to interpret physical interaction of EM wave with rough sea surfaces. The sea surface roughness spectrum and the cutoff wavenumber are two key factors affecting the accuracy of TSM simulation. This paper takes the geophysical model functions (GMFs) of different band as reference, and quantitatively studies the two factors based on the numerical simulation of different polarization backscattering coefficients. The numerical simulation demonstrates that Apel spectrum is more suitable for the backscattering simulation in C/X/Ku-band, and the optimal cutoff wavenumbers are also derived for TSM simulation of EM scattering in C/X/Ku-band. Then an empirical model function of optimal cutoff wavenumbers with respect to frequency, incident angle and wind speed are obtained with regression method. Finally, the simulation results with the new model function of cutoff wavenumber are compared with the GMF and measured data in different bands and they are all consistent. Moreover, a physical explanation for the optimal cutoff wavenumber is also given.

show abstract

“…As the TSM has gained prominence many different improvements and additions have been introduced: simulation of multiview SAR wave synchronization data for azimuth cutoff wavelength compensation [37], polarimetric TSM [38], sea surface velocity of wind retrieval [39], improved TSM [40], [41], facet-based modification of TSM [42], application of modified TSM to breaking waves simulation [23], and finally interesting approaches which, although not directly related to TSM, use the same scale-splitting principle to generate sea surface for infrared imaging [43] and for improving SSA calculations [33], [44], [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and SAR imaging of the sea surface: A review of the state-of-the-art with simulations

Rizaev

Karakuş

Hogan

et al. 2022

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An Improved Two-Scale Model for Electromagnetic Backscattering From Sea Surface

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

A Modified Model for Electromagnetic Scattering of Sea Surface Covered with Crest Foam and Static Foam

A Modified Model for Electromagnetic Scattering of Sea Surface Covered with Crest Foam and Static Foam

Quantitative Research of Cutoff Wavenumber and Wave Spectrum for Electromagnetic Scattering Computation with Two-Scale Method

Modeling and SAR imaging of the sea surface: A review of the state-of-the-art with simulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About