An improved statistical damage constitutive model for warm frozen clay based on Mohr–Coulomb criterion

Failure mechanism of cutting submerged frozen clay in an arctic trenching process

“…It has a small internal friction angle. Li et al (2009) suggest that due to the inhomogeneous character induced by micro cracks and ice lenses distributed to throughout frozen clay, the mechanical properties of frozen clay can also be studied as a stochastic model.…”

“…The data is shown in Figure 3.7. Li et al (2009) studied frozen clay at temperatures of -0.5°C to -2°C. They state that due to the many micro defects randomly distributed throughout frozen clay, it is more useful to study the mechanical parameters of the frozen clay by a stochastic method, instead of a deterministic method.…”

“…Ice lenses in frozen clay make the material highly anisotropic. Li et al (2009) suggest that due to this anisotropy, the strength of frozen clay should be studied with a stochastic model.…”

A non-linear constitutive model for describing the mechanical behaviour of frozen ground and permafrost

“…Currently, besides a series of formulations that have been proposed for describing the mechanical behaviour of frozen ground and permafrost subjected to uniaxial loads (Zhu and Carbee, 1987;Zhu et al, 1992), long-term loads (Goughnour and Andersland, 1968;Ladanyi, 1972;Sayles, 1973;Fish, 1983Fish, , 1984Zhu and Carbee, 1983;Gardner et al, 1984;Cai et al, 1990;Domaschuk et al, 1991;Wijeweera and Joshi, 1991;Miao et al, 1995;He et al, 2000;Yang et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2006Wang et al, , 2014, and evolutionary thermal fields (Arenson and Springman, 2005b;Li et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2010) with the consideration of a number of associated problems (Nishimura et al, 2009;Thomas et al, 2010;Zhang and Michalowski, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016), models for capturing the effects of confining loads have been presented Lai et al, 2009Lai et al, , 2010Lai et al, , 2013Lai et al, , 2016Yang et al, 2010;Li et al, 2010;. However, when attempting to capture the highly nonlinear mechanical behaviour of frozen ground and permafrost under variations of confining pressure, there is the main issue of needing to use complex mathematical formulations that rely on many material parameters.…”

Investigation on the Nonlinear Strength Properties and Damage Statistical Constitutive Model for Frozen Sandy Soils

“…Ren [32] carried out computed tomography (CT) tests to study breakage mechanism for frozen cracked rock from a mesoscopic point of view. Lai et al [33] and Li et al [34] proposed a new and an improved statistical damage constitutive model for warm frozen clay and warm ice-rich frozen clay based upon the experimental results and applied Mohr-Coulomb criterion to judge whether the frozen soil element is damaged or not. Xu et al [35] made an investigation on strength and deformation characteristics of ice-saturated frozen sandy soil and then proposed a nonlinear strength criterion and simultaneously employed an improved Duncan-Chang model to simulate the deformation properties.…”