An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications

Ye, Wei; Wang, Dawei; Wang, Jing; Wang, Gaofeng; Zhao, Wen‐Sheng

doi:10.3390/s22218534

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Table 3 compares our design alongside similar work reported in the literature claiming very high average sensitivities. The sensitivity of our proposed sensor is above all of these designs except the ones reported in Abdelwahab et al 28 and Ye et al 46 . We believe the reason for our sensor being short here is the fact that our proposed sensor could not measure the pure ethanol’s complex permittivity, thus the average sensitivity came out to be lower as we have fewer averaging data points around lower relative permittivities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Ultrasensitive miniaturized planar microwave sensor for characterization of water–alcohol mixtures

Javadizadeh,

Badieirostami,

Shahabadi

2023

Sci Rep

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Designing a low-cost, compact, yet sensitive planar microwave sensor for complex permittivity measurement is highly desired for numerous applications though quite challenging. Here, in this research, an ultrasensitive planar microwave sensor is proposed which is based on an electric LC structure. The core sensor was fabricated on an FR-4 substrate using a simple fabrication process, then integrated within a polymethylmethacrylate microfluidic channel for straightforward liquid delivery to the sensing region. The resonance frequency of the bare sensor was designed to occur at 4.14 GHz while empty and shifted to 0.88 GHz when deionized water flows into the channel. The sensor response has been characterized for different mixture ratios of methanol and ethanol with deionized water. Next, the complex permittivity of the resulted binary mixtures has been extracted by the Debye model through a least square fitting method. The calculated average sensitivity is 1.45% which stands above most of sensors reported in the literature. Besides, the sensor has a small footprint with dimensions of 3.6 × 3.8 mm$$^2$$ 2 making it a suitable candidate for integration with point-of-care testing devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Ultrasensitive miniaturized planar microwave sensor for characterization of water–alcohol mixtures

Javadizadeh,

Badieirostami,

Shahabadi

2023

Sci Rep

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“…In this context, there have been several recent investigations in which SRRs were used as water quality sensors, distinguishing between different kinds of organic and inorganic materials in aqueous solutions. Although, the main disadvantage of such SRR-like sensors is that the liquids used for sensing should be quite viscous in order to remain in the gap [26][27][28][29][30]. Interestingly, there are reports among these in which complementary SRRs (CSRRs; e.g., Figure 1a,b) are utilized as sensors [18,23,26,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabrication of conventional mm-scale SRRs includes a great variety of techniques, such as printed circuit board (PCB) [34], additive manufacturing [35], inkjet printing [36] etc. However, for the fabrication of high-performance CSRRs, the PCB method has mostly been used so far [28][29][30][31]37]. The PCB procedure is known as the most appropriate method for developing electronic circuits on substrates (such as FR4) and includes various development steps, namely chemical etching, milling, annealing, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of mm-Scale Complementary Split Ring Resonators, for Potential Application as Water Pollution Sensors

et al. 2023

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Rectangular, millimeter-scale complementary split ring resonators were fabricated, employing the so-called Computer Numerical Control method, combined with a home-built mechanical engraver. Their electromagnetic performance was thoroughly investigated with respect to their dimensions in the frequency regime between 2 and 9 GHz via combining experiments and corresponding theoretical simulations, wherein a considerably effective consistency was obtained. Moreover, their sensing response was extensively investigated against various aqueous solutions enriched with typical fertilizers used in agriculture, as well as detergents commonly used in every-day life. Corresponding experimental results evidently establish the capability of the studied metasurfaces as potential sensors against water pollution.

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“…Therefore, the quadratic split-ring with cut-off edges is a good compromise. The split topology significantly influences the sensitivity of the SRR; therefore, an interdigitated structure is often used in the literature as well as in this work [ 4 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The frequencies used in the literature are between 100 MHz and 8 GHz [ 8 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Split-Ring Resonator Based Sensor for the Detection of Amino Acids in Liquids

Dehning

Hitzemann

Gossmann

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Amino acids belong to the most important compounds for life. They are structural components of proteins and required for growth and maintenance of cells. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the organism and must be ingested through the nutrition. Therefore, the detection of amino acids is of great interest when analyzing cell culture media and nutrition. In this work, we present a split-ring resonator as a simple but sensitive detector for amino acids. Split-ring resonators are RLC resonant circuits with a split capacitance and thus a resonance frequency that depends on the electromagnetic properties of a liquid sample at the split capacitance. Here, the split capacitance is an interdigital structure for highest sensitivity and covered with a fluidic channel for flow through experiments. First measurements with a vector network analyzer show detection limits in the range from 105 µM for glutamic acid to 1564 µM for isoleucine, depending on the electromagnetic properties of the tested amino acids. With an envelope detector for continuous recording of the resonance frequency, the split-ring resonator can be used in ion chromatography. At a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, it reaches limits of detection of 485 µM for aspartic acid and 956 µM for lysine.

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An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Ultrasensitive miniaturized planar microwave sensor for characterization of water–alcohol mixtures

Ultrasensitive miniaturized planar microwave sensor for characterization of water–alcohol mixtures

Fabrication of mm-Scale Complementary Split Ring Resonators, for Potential Application as Water Pollution Sensors

Split-Ring Resonator Based Sensor for the Detection of Amino Acids in Liquids

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