An improved Pythium insidiosum-vaccine formulation with enhanced immunotherapeutic properties in horses and dogs with pythiosis

Mendoza, Leonel; Mandy, William J.; Glass, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00225-1

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, from our findings, there was no evidence to support this hypothesis, as no additional bands were observed with the postimmunized sera. Second, the vaccine could modulate an immune pattern switching from a T helper 2 to a T helper 1 response, which could lead to the effective host defense against the infection (15,31). Characterization of differences in levels of certain subclasses of antibodies and cytokines in the pre-and postimmunized sera could be a first step in elucidating such a mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, postsurgical relapse can occur and cause further damage and death. Recently, immunotherapy with the P. insidiosum vaccine prepared from crude extracts of P. insidiosum increased a curative rate to 72% of horses with pythiosis but just 33% and 50% of dogs and humans with pythiosis, respectively (15,31). Therefore, improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of pythiosis are still important healthcare goals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of a Novel 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of Pythium insidiosum Recognized by Sera from Human Patients with Pythiosis

Krajaejun¹,

Kunakorn²,

Pracharktam³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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The oomycetous, fungus-like, aquatic organism Pythium insidiosum is the etiologic agent of pythiosis, a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals that has been increasingly reported from tropical, subtropical, and temperate countries. Human pythiosis is endemic in Thailand, and most patients present with arteritis, leading to limb amputation and/or death, or cornea ulcer, leading to enucleation. Diagnosis of pythiosis is time-consuming and difficult. Radical surgery is the main treatment for pythiosis because conventional antifungal drugs are ineffective. The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of Western blotting for diagnosis of human pythiosis, to identify specific immunodominant antigens of P. insidiosum, and to increase understanding of humoral immune responses against the pathogen. We performed Western blot analysis on 16 P. insidiosum isolates using 12 pythiosis serum samples. These specimens were derived from human patients with pythiosis who had different forms of infection and lived in different geographic areas throughout Thailand. We have identified a 74-kDa immunodominant antigen in all P. insidiosum isolates tested. The 74-kDa antigen was also recognized by sera from all patients with pythiosis but not by control sera from healthy individuals, patients with thalassemia, and patients with various infectious diseases, indicating that Western blot analysis could facilitate diagnosis of pythiosis. Therefore, the 74-kDa antigen is a potential target for developing rapid serodiagnostic tests as well as a therapeutic vaccine for pythiosis. These advances could lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment, crucial factors for better prognosis for patients with pythiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of Pythium insidiosum Recognized by Sera from Human Patients with Pythiosis

Krajaejun¹,

Kunakorn²,

Pracharktam³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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“…É importante salientar, também, que a doença pode afetar equinos de qualquer raça e idade e a observação frequente dos animais criados em áreas alagadas, adequadas ao desenvolvimento do agente, pode minimizar prejuízos uma vez que lesões iniciais podem ser tratadas cirurgicamente ou com imunoterápicos que podem curar até 70% dos equinos tratados (Mendoza et al 1992, Mendoza et al 2003.…”

Section: Discussão E Conclusõesunclassified

Epidemiologia da pitiose equina na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Marcolongo-Pereira

Sallis²,

Raffi³

et al. 2012

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Foi realizado um levantamento dos casos de pitiose equina recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no período de janeiro de 1979 a julho de 2011, com o objetivo de determinar as condições epidemiológicas em que a doença ocorre na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse período foram recebidos 1888 materiais de equinos, dos quais, 435 eram provenientes do sistema tegumentar e 63 (14,5%) corresponderam à pitiose. Os animais afetados eram de ambos os sexos com idades variando entre oito meses e 22 anos. A raça mais frequentemente afetada foi a Crioula. A maioria dos casos de pitiose foi encaminhada ao laboratório entre março e junho. A evolução das lesões de pitiose variou de duas semanas até um ano. Os municípios com maior número de casos de pitiose foram Pelotas (22/63) Santa Vitória do Palmar (15/63) e Rio Grande (8/63). Foi observado que na maioria dos casos, no mês provável de infecção a temperatura máxima foi superior ou próxima a 30°C em pelo menos um dia. A observação de casos em épocas mais frias do ano pode ser devido ao fato da temperatura de águas estagnadas ser mais elevada que a temperatura ambiental o que permite o desenvolvimento das estruturas infectantes de Pythium insidiosum.

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“…29 It has been postulated that a switch in the host's immune response from a T helper 2 (Th2) (during infection) to a Th1 immune response (after vaccination) is behind the curative properties triggered by the vaccine. 30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imported Pythium insidiosum Keratitis After a Swim in Thailand by a Contact Lens-Wearing Traveler

Lelièvre¹,

Borderie²,

García-Hermoso³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.A 30-year-old woman with a history of contact lens wear and exposure to swimming pool water in Thailand presented with a non-responsive, progressive corneal ulcer of the right eye. Confocal microscopy evidenced septate linear branching structures, raising suspicion of fungal keratitis. She was promptly treated with topical antibiotics and both topical and intravenous caspofungin plus voriconazole. Worsening of the clinical picture after 1 month of intensive medical therapy led to a large therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty being performed. Corneal cultures grew a mold-like organism, which was identified by sequencing as Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete. After 4 years of follow-up, the graft exhibits no infection relapse, but graft transparency has been lost after two rejection episodes. Keratoplasty combined with antifungal treatment may offer a cure to P. insidiosum keratitis, although long-term preservation of corneal transparency is difficult to obtain.

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An improved Pythium insidiosum-vaccine formulation with enhanced immunotherapeutic properties in horses and dogs with pythiosis

Cited by 78 publications

References 18 publications

Identification of a Novel 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of Pythium insidiosum Recognized by Sera from Human Patients with Pythiosis

Identification of a Novel 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of Pythium insidiosum Recognized by Sera from Human Patients with Pythiosis

Epidemiologia da pitiose equina na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Imported Pythium insidiosum Keratitis After a Swim in Thailand by a Contact Lens-Wearing Traveler

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