An Improved Method of Surface Clutter Simulation Based on Orbiting Radar in Tianwen‐1 Mars Exploration

Hong, Tiansheng; Su, Yan; Dai, Shun; Zhang, Zongyu; Du, Wei; Liu, Chendi; Liu, Shuning; Wang, Ruigang; Ding, Chunyu; Li, Chunlai

doi:10.1029/2022rs007491

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The design of MOSIR aims to use cross-polarization radar echoes to detect surface and subsurface structures on Mars [51,55]. The radar uses low-frequency and high-frequency channels, which allow it to detect depths of over 100 m and produce high-resolution subsurface radar images of Mars [52,56]. MOSIR can achieve cross-polarization radar echoes, which can enhance the detection of underground interfaces and structures with different dielectric properties, thus supplementing the detection results of MARSIS and SHARAD.…”

Section: Orbiting Radar Soundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Observation of the Lava Tubes on the Moon and Mars

Ding

2023

Remote Sensing

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The detection of lava tubes beneath the surfaces of the Moon and Mars has been a popular research topic and challenge in planetary radar observation. In recent years, the Moon–based ground penetrating radar (GPR) carried by the Chinese Chang’e–3/–4 mission, the RIMFAX radar carried by the Mars mission Perseverance, and the RoSPR radar and MOSIR radar carried by China’s Tianwen–1 orbiter have extensively promoted the exploration of the underground space of extraterrestrial bodies, which is crucial for the future utilization and development of these spaces. This paper expounds on the principles, methods, and detection results of using GPR to detect lava tubes on the Moon and Mars. First, lava tubes’ formation mechanism and morphological characteristics are outlined, followed by an introduction to GPR’s working principles and classification. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of different types of radar in detecting the lava tubes are analyzed. Finally, the distribution of lava tubes on the Moon and Mars is briefly summarized, and the potential utilization of lava tubes is discussed. We believe that the GPR technique is an effective geophysical method for exploring the underground structures of the Moon and Mars, and the lava tubes beneath the surface of extraterrestrial bodies can provide important references for selecting future Moon and Mars bases.

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Section: Orbiting Radar Soundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Observation of the Lava Tubes on the Moon and Mars

Ding

2023

Remote Sensing

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“…Martian orbiter-based radars are mainly focused on the observation of water ice over the entirety of Mars, which includes the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express spacecraft, Shallow Radar (SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and The Mars orbiter subsurface investigation radar (MOSIR) on China's Tianwen-1 mission (Picardi et al [18,19]). But orbiter-based radars are not sensitive to the detection of water ice at depths of several meters due to their limited vertical resolution (Li et al [3], Seu et al [20,21], Hong et al [22,23], Qiu and Ding [24]). In 2020, China and the United States launched the Tianwen-1 and Mars 2020 missions, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Ice Resources on the Shallow Subsurface of Mars: Indications to Rover-Mounted Radar Observation

Zheng,

Ding,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The planet Mars is the most probable among the terrestrial planets in our solar system to support human settlement or colonization in the future. The detection of water ice or liquid water on the shallow subsurface of Mars is a crucial scientific objective for both the Chinese Tianwen-1 and United States Mars 2020 missions, which were launched in 2020. Both missions were equipped with Rover-mounted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) instruments, specifically the RoPeR on the Zhurong rover and the RIMFAX radar on the Perseverance rover. The in situ radar provides unprecedented opportunities to study the distribution of shallow subsurface water ice on Mars with its unique penetrating capability. The presence of water ice on the shallow surface layers of Mars is one of the most significant indicators of habitability on the extraterrestrial planet. A considerable amount of evidence pointing to the existence of water ice on Mars has been gathered by previous researchers through remote sensing photography, radar, measurements by gamma ray spectroscopy and neutron spectrometers, soil analysis, etc. This paper aims to review the various approaches utilized in detecting shallow subsurface water ice on Mars to date and to sort out the past and current evidence for its presence. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview of the possible clues of shallow subsurface water ice in the landing area of the Perseverance rover, serving as a reference for the RIMFAX radar to detect water ice on Mars in the future. Finally, this paper proposes the future emphasis and direction of rover-mounted radar for water ice exploration on the Martian shallow subsurface.

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“…This configuration enables the reception of crosstrack echoes, providing additional information for material-property analysis [23]. Apart from investigating Martian water ice, MOSIR is also designed to provide insights into aspects such as searching for potential life, surface terrain, and the internal structures of Mars [23,53,54].…”

Section: Introduction Of Mars Orbital Radarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Observations of Liquid Water in the South Polar Region of Mars: Indications from Astrobiology Perspectives

Zhou,

Ding,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Universe

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In recent decades, extensive research has led to the understanding that Mars once hosted substantial liquid-water reserves. While the current Martian landscape boasts significant water-ice deposits at its North and South poles, the elusive presence of liquid-water bodies has remained undetected. A breakthrough occurred with the identification of radar-echo reflections at the base of the Martian South Pole, using MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) in 2018. These radar echoes strongly suggest the presence of a highly concentrated liquid-water body. However, a counter-narrative has emerged, contending that the subterranean conditions beneath the ice cap, encompassing factors like temperature and pressure, may be inhospitable to liquid water. Consequently, alternative hypotheses posit that the observed bright echoes could be attributed to conductive minerals or water-absorbing clay-like materials. The ongoing discourse regarding the presence of liquid water beneath the southern polar ice cap is a hot topic in the realm of Martian exploration. The primary focus of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of Martian radar detection, the recent controversies regarding liquid water’s existence in the Martian South Pole, and the implications regarding the potential existence of Martian life forms in the water on Mars. The revelation of liquid water on Mars fundamentally suggests an environment conducive to the viability of Martian life, consequently furnishing invaluable insights for future exploratory endeavors in the pursuit of Martian biospheres. In addition, this paper anticipates the forthcoming research dedicated to Martian liquid water and potential life forms, while also underscoring the profound significance of identifying liquid water on Mars in propelling the field of astrobiology forward.

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An Improved Method of Surface Clutter Simulation Based on Orbiting Radar in Tianwen‐1 Mars Exploration

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Radar Observation of the Lava Tubes on the Moon and Mars

Radar Observation of the Lava Tubes on the Moon and Mars

Water Ice Resources on the Shallow Subsurface of Mars: Indications to Rover-Mounted Radar Observation

Radar Observations of Liquid Water in the South Polar Region of Mars: Indications from Astrobiology Perspectives

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