An improved method for the determination of cannabidiol in topical products using ultrasound-assisted extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Ocaña-Ríos, Irán; Okano, Lauren; Figueroa, Carla G.; Urban, Joanna; Church, John S.; Dévédec, Frantz Le; Urban, Karolina; Donkor, Kingsley K.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114840

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…UAE with MeOH and a GC-MS method, aided by a 23-factorial design, have been reported for the analysis of CBD-containing topical products used for the treatment of various skin disorders. 70 Good precision (%RSD ≤ 7.7%), accuracy at three concentration levels (recovery >97.9%) for three different matrices, and acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99) and LOD (0.05 μg/mg) were observed. The identification of CBD (3) in these samples was achieved by comparing the retention time with the reference standard and with spectral data obtained from the NIST library.…”

Section: Gc Analysis Of Cannabinoids In Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…to offer some benefits to the human skin, and this beneficial property has recently generated a trend in the use of phytocannabinoids in various cosmetics and cosmeceutical products. 70 However, the level of phytocannabinoids, especially CBD (3) and THC (10), that could be allowed in these products is strictly regulated by various regulatory bodies and protocols. 61 Therefore, the identification and quantification of these phytocannabinoids in cosmetic products are essential for quality assurance and quality control.…”

Section: Gc Analysis Of Cannabinoids In Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gc Analysis Of Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GC‐based analyses of cannabinoids in various consumer products, 61–103 published during 2020–2023, are summarised in Table 1. Phytocannabinoids, particularly CBD ( 3 ), have been claimed to offer some benefits to the human skin, and this beneficial property has recently generated a trend in the use of phytocannabinoids in various cosmetics and cosmeceutical products 70 . However, the level of phytocannabinoids, especially CBD ( 3 ) and THC ( 10 ), that could be allowed in these products is strictly regulated by various regulatory bodies and protocols 61 .…”

Section: Gc Analysis Of Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study aimed to assess the quality of phytocannabinoids‐based cosmetic products sold in the UAE market by quantifying the presence of THC ( 10 ) and THCA ( 11 ) in these products and concluded that there was a need for phytocannabinoids‐based cosmetic product manufacturers to issue quality certificates for the levels of THC ( 10 ) and THCA ( 11 ). UAE with MeOH and a GC‐MS method, aided by a 23‐factorial design, have been reported for the analysis of CBD‐containing topical products used for the treatment of various skin disorders 70 . Good precision (%RSD ≤ 7.7%), accuracy at three concentration levels (recovery >97.9%) for three different matrices, and acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99) and LOD (0.05 μg/mg) were observed.…”

Section: Gc Analysis Of Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Nahar,

Gavril,

Sarker

2023

Phytochemical Analysis

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IntroductionCannabinoids are a group of compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors. They possess pharmacological properties like that of the plant Cannabis sativa. Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the popular chromatographic techniques that has been routinely used in the analysis of cannabinoids in different matrices.ObjectiveThe article aims to review the literature on the application of GC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published during the period from January 2020 to August 2023.MethodologyA thorough literature search was conducted using different databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, GC, quantitative, qualitative, and quality control. From the search results, only the publications that incorporate the GC analysis of phytocannabinoids were reviewed, and papers on synthetic cannabinoids were excluded.ResultsSince the publication of the review article on GC analysis of phytocannabinoids in early 2020, several GC‐based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids have appeared in the literature. While simple 1D GC–mass spectrometry (MS) and GC–flame ionisation detector (FID) methods are still quite common in phytocannabinoids analysis, 2D GC‐MS and GC‐MS/MS are increasingly becoming popular, as these techniques offer more useful data for identification and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. The use of automation in sample preparation and the utilisation of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols have become a norm in phytocannabinoids analysis. Pre‐analyses have been found to incorporate different derivatisation techniques and environmentally friendly extraction protocols.ConclusionsGC‐based analysis of phytocannabinoids, especially using GC‐MS, remains one of the most preferred methods for the analysis of these compounds. New derivatisation methods, ionisation techniques, mathematical models, and computational approaches for method optimisation have been introduced.

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Section: Gc Analysis Of Cannabinoids In Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Gc Analysis Of Cannabinoids In Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gc Analysis Of Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gc Analysis Of Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gc Analysis Of Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Nahar,

Gavril,

Sarker

2023

Phytochemical Analysis

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A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics

Desmedt,

Van Campenhout,

Deconinck

2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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As cannabidiol (CBD) is not considered to be a drug and because of its potential health claims, it is an interesting compound that is often found in cosmetics. However, the safety of CBD, as well as the presence of trace amounts of other phytocannabinoids, including the psychoactive substance ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is still being debated. A robust analytical technique capable of analysing cosmetic products and determining their phytocannabinoid content will be crucial in assessing the safety of these products. This systematic review aims to highlight the current analytical tools that could be used to analyse phytocannabinoids in cosmetics. The ideal method would be able to analyse high levels of CBD in combination with trace levels of THC and their acids. The method should provide good recoveries and accuracies in a variety of matrices while providing information on up‐coming phytocannabinoids such as cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabinol (CBN). The systematic review approach was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analyses method. The research focused on studies published from January 2010 to December 2022 in PubMed and Scopus. A total of 15 datasets met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were tabulated to allow easy comparison. Although some of the reviewed methods can handle multiple matrices and provide satisfactory recoveries, this review process did not identify an ideal method. The most suitable methods either could not quantify phytocannabinoid acids or were not sensitive enough to quantify trace levels of psychoactive phytocannabinoids.

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An improved method for the determination of cannabidiol in topical products using ultrasound-assisted extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)

A systematic review of analytical methodologies capable of analysing phytocannabinoids in cosmetics

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