An Improved Method for the Rapid Determination of the Residual Grease on Scoured Wool

Samson, A.

doi:10.1177/004051757004000807

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Rosch (32) has described the advantages of using a current of warm air, such as may be obtained from a domestic hair dryer, to evaporate the solvent, and Samson (33) has studied the losses that occur in the normal unmodified apparatus. Some workers have suggested improvements to the apparatus.…”

Section: Oils Fats and Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis, Testing, Grading and Defects: Chemical Testing

Brown¹

1972

Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics

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GENERALFibres can be identified by various methods, from the very simplest, e.g. the burning test, to the most complex analytical processes. The soundest procedure still entails the use of the microscope as a preliminary sorting tool, although this often provides a result immediately for the experienced operator. Further tests can be selected to suit the facilities in a particular laboratory, recent developments merely having widened the choice. The whole field of the identification of textile fibres and the methods available have been reviewed (1, 2). Many techniques, such as infrared analysis, are applicable to almost all fibres, although, to take this method as an example, various methods of presentation of sample may be necessary; the more recent of these have been examined by Zimmer (3), who has discussed the application of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and frustrated multiple internal reflectance (FMIR) methods, which are non-destructive, to textile samples.The FMIR method has also been used (4) for the examination of textile samples and synthetic leathers and is applicable to fibre mixtures in some cases.Much current work on polymers in a broader context is also directly applicable to fibre identification. For instance, pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is now being widely applied in the plastics and other industries and may eventually be recognised as a good general method of fibre identification. SPECIFIC FIBRE CLASSESSeveral papers have appeared dealing with the differentiation of nylons, mostly based on the separation of hydrolysis products. Raven and Earland (5) and Mori and Takeuchi (6) have described separation by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the latter paper being the more comprehensive, and Bauters (7) has recommended low-voltage electrophoresis followed by spraying with a solution of cadmium chloride and ninhydrin. Stratmann (8) has also examined under the microscope the fragmentation effect of zinc chloro-iodide solution, particularly of some of the rapidly expanding class of multicomponent fibres. Other work on nylon fibres includes a new method (9) of determining primary aliphatic amino end-groups which is based on the formation of a pyrrole derivative by reaction with succinaldehyde, which can be determined colorimetrically with Ehrlich's reagent. The amount of heat setting imparted to nylon fibres and other synthetic-polymer fibres can influence subsequent processing considerably, and Lindtner and Beravs (10) have described the measurement of the degree of heat setting of nylon 6 by a swelling technique with phenol and 1,Zdichlorobenzene at room temperature.The identification and differentiation of polyester and polycarbonate fibres have been described by Stratmann (11). He concludes that, although polyester fibres can be divided into five recognisable classes, variations in degree of drawing and in methods of setting mask differences between individual members of each class.Kirret and Kullik (12) have examined elastomeric polyurethane fibres by pyrolysis GLC and this work i...

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Section: Oils Fats and Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis, Testing, Grading and Defects: Chemical Testing

Brown¹

1972

Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics

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1—the Systematic Optimization of the Aqueous Compression-Jet Wool Scour. Part I: Pre-Optimization Procedures

McCracken

Samson

Chaikin

1972

The Journal of The Textile Institute

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Equations of concentrations of contaminants in scour liquors in the approach to, and at, equilibrium conditions are developed. These equations are applied to the case of passing through a centrifuge system scour liquor containing recoverable and non-recoverable grease and removable and non-removable dirt. Operating factors of scouring are discussed in relation to the equations developed.The laboratory techniques used in analysing samples of the scoured wool, the liquor, and card sliver from the pre-optimization trial are described. Changes in operating procedure for the aqueous compression-jet scour and a schedule of optimization trials to follow are recommended after an analysis of the results of the pre-optimization trial.

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29—polarity Fractionation of Solvent-Extracted Wool Grease

McCracken

Chaikin

1974

The Journal of The Textile Institute

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An account is given of an investigation of methods For the fractionation of solvent-extracted wool grease into distinct non-polar, semi-polar, and highly polar groups. The non-polar fraction is conventionally referred to as imoxidized grease and the semi-polar fractions are referred to as oxidized grease. The highly polar fraction possesses strong siirface-aclive properties and is not identilied forthwith as being strictly a part of the grease constituent of raw wool.The methods were applied lo determine quantitatively the extent of oxidation of a wool grease and the amount of amphiphilic or surface-active matter, including synthetic detergents, extracted by the solvent from a wool sample or an aliquot of an aqueous emulsion, in addition, it is demonstrated that ihe amount of methanol-insoluble matter in solvent-extracted wool grease is closely related to, and could be used to predict, the maximum efficiency of recovery of grea,se in a centrifuge.

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An Improved Method for the Rapid Determination of the Residual Grease on Scoured Wool

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis, Testing, Grading and Defects: Chemical Testing

Analysis, Testing, Grading and Defects: Chemical Testing

1—the Systematic Optimization of the Aqueous Compression-Jet Wool Scour. Part I: Pre-Optimization Procedures

29—polarity Fractionation of Solvent-Extracted Wool Grease

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