An improved method for somatic plantlet production in hybrid larch (Larix � leptoeuropaea): Part 1. Somatic embryo maturation

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis was induced from full-sib immature zygotic embryos of hybrid larch (Larix × leptoeuropaea) that were collected at three different dates. Analysis of variance showed interaction between the collection date and the induction medium. The highest response (55%) was observed from embryos that were at the precotyledonary stage. Twelve media containing various concentrations of abscisic acid and sucrose were used to promote the development of 'high quality' mature somatic embryos that would undergo a period of developmental arrest. Only media supplemented with abscisic acid (20, 40, and 60txM), indolebutyric acid (llxM), and 0.1 or 0.2M sucrose supported such a development. The number of mature somatic embryos produced per gram flesh weight of embryonal mass was significantly affected by the three factors tested: embryogenic line, sucrose concentration, and abscisic acid concentration. Moreover, strong interaction effects among these factors existed, complicating the formulation of a universal maturation medium that would be optimal for all embryogenic lines.Abbreviations: ABA-abscisic acid, BA-benzyladenine, IBA-indolebutyric acid, 2,4-D-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, E M -embryonal mass, E P o t -embryogenic potential

Influence of exogenous L-proline on embryogenic cultures of larch (Larix leptoeuropaeaDengler), sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr.) and oak (Quercus roburL.) subjected to cold and salt stress

“…Embryogenic cultures (ECs) were induced from immature zygotic embryos of the hybrid larch [11]. One cell line (69.18) was maintained in suspension culture in MSG medium supplemented with 1.46 g L -1 glutamine, 9 µM 2,4-D and 2.25 µM benzyladenine.…”

The effect of culture medium formulation on Pinus nigra somatic embryogenesis

“…Many attempts have been done in order to improve the initiation of embryogenic tissues in conifers. The effort focused mainly on testing of nutrient medium com-position and plant growth regulators (Ewald et al 1995, Hazubska-Przybyl andBojarczuk 2008), carbon sources ( Salajova and Salaj 2005), vitamins (Pullman et al 2006), medium salt composition (Lelu et al 1994, Becwar et al 1990, Miguel et al 2004, Kim et al 2009, Krajňáková et al 2008, polyamines effect (Nakagawa et al 2011) as well as environmental (Vookova and Kormutak 2009) and genetic effects (Cheliak and Klim·aszewska 1991, Niskanen et al 2004, Yildirim et al 2006) have been studied.…”

Somatic embryogenesis of selected coniferous tree species of the genera Picea, Abies and Larix

“…Nevertheless, a large number of somatic embryos (from first, secondary and third generation callus line) at the cotyledonary stage was obtained if they were cultured with 20-60 µM ABA and 1 µM IBA for 4 weeks in dim light (25-30 µE m -2 s -1 ). Lelu et al (1994b) and Gutman et al (1996) reported that culture with 60 µM ABA results in proper development of somatic embryos of Larix × leptoeuropaea, and they are morphologically similar to zygotic embryos. Our results indicate that larch callus of line 7 (L. × leptoeuropaea 69.18) produced somatic embryos most efficiently (as compared to the other larch lines) if cultured with 60 µM ABA and 1 µM IBA, for 3-4 weeks.…”