An Improved Method for Fullerol Preparation Based on Dialysis

Bioimpact of Carbon Nanomaterials

“…Poor solubility of fullerene in polar solvents is one of the limiting factors for application in in vitro and in vivo models. Numerous examples of chemical transformations aimed at increasing solubility of fullerene C 60 have been developed and can be classifi ed into four basic groups:…”

“…Partial solubility of fullerene C 60 (fullerene nanoaggregats n-C 60 ) in water can be achieved by preparing several different compositions ( Fig. 6.1): long-term sonicated toluene or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of C 60 in water (THF/nC 60 ); monomeric (γ-CyD) 2 /C 60 , (γ-cyklodextrin bicapped C 60 ) and γ-CyD/nC 60 (obtained by heating the (γ-CyD) 2 / C 60 aqueous solution). Transmission Electron Microsopy (TEM) results have demonstrated that dimensions of water-soluble nanoaggregates C 60 in water stand within 20 to 140 nm [15].…”

“…6.1): long-term sonicated toluene or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of C 60 in water (THF/nC 60 ); monomeric (γ-CyD) 2 /C 60 , (γ-cyklodextrin bicapped C 60 ) and γ-CyD/nC 60 (obtained by heating the (γ-CyD) 2 / C 60 aqueous solution). Transmission Electron Microsopy (TEM) results have demonstrated that dimensions of water-soluble nanoaggregates C 60 in water stand within 20 to 140 nm [15]. In vitro research on phototoxicity of (γ-CyD) 2 /C 60 , THF/nC 60 , sonicated/ nC 60 and γ-CyD/nC 60 conducted on keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) showed that their phototoxicity was mainly mediated via singlet oxygen production.…”

“…Sayes et al [16] have found that n-C 60 showed cytotoxic effect on human dermal fi broblasts, human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2), and neuronal human astrocytes with LC 50 from 2 ppb to 50 ppb (depending on the cell type), after 48 h exposure. L-Ascorbic acid was shown to have a protective effect against oxidative damage caused by the toxic effects of n-C 60 [17,16]. Isakovic et al [18] have published that higly prooxidative capacity of n-C 60 is responsible for rapid cell death in mouse L929 fi brosarcoma, rat C6 glioma, and U251 human glioma cell lines.…”

“…In low concentration range, n-C 60 has been found to inhibit growth of gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis CB315, JH642 derivative) and gram-negative (Echerichia coli DH5 ) cultures in a wide range of conditions [20,13]. Based on toxicological studies, it was established that residual quantities of organic solvents in nanoaggregates were responsible for the toxic effects of n-C 60 [20,18].…”