An Improved Mellor–Yamada Level-3 Model with Condensation Physics: Its Design and Verification

Nakanishi, Mikio; Niino, Hiroshi

doi:10.1023/b:boun.0000020164.04146.98

Cited by 665 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…z*-coordinate levels) was 50 in all experiments. Sub-grid turbulence was considered by an improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 scheme (Nakanishi and Niino, 2004) in the experiments at resolution ≥ 1 km (except for D-100), and a large eddy simulation scheme of Deardorff (1973) was adopted in D-100. The 6-category single moment bulk microphysics but double moments for only cloud ice (Ikawa and Saito 1991) was used for cloud microphysical processes.…”

Section: -Second-update 100-m-mesh Data Assimilation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

30-second-Update 100-m-Mesh Data Assimilation Experiments: A Sudden Local Rain Case in Kobe on 11 September 2014

Maejima

Kunii

Miyoshi

2017

SOLA

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This study aims to investigate the impacts of 30-secondupdate and 100-m-resolution data assimilation (DA) on a prediction of sudden local torrential rains caused by an isolated convective system in Kobe city on 11 September 2014. We perform a Local Ensemble Transform Kalman filter (LETKF) experiment with the Japan Meteorological Agency non-hydrostatic model (JMA-NHM) at 1-km and 100-m resolution using every-30-second radar reflectivity observed by the phased array weather radar (PAWR) at Osaka University. The 1-km-mesh experiment shows that 30-second-update PAWR DA has positive impacts on the analyses and forecasts. Moreover, the 100-m-mesh experiment shows significant advantages in representing the rainfall intensity and fine structure of the convective system. The promising results suggest that 30-second-update, 100-m-mesh DA have a great potential for predicting sudden local rain events.(Citation: Maejima, Y., M. Kunii, and T. Miyoshi, 2017: 30-second-update 100-m-mesh data assimilation experiments: A sudden local rain case in Kobe on 11 September 2014. SOLA, 13, 174−180, doi:10.2151/sola.2017-032.) IntroductionIn modern numerical weather prediction (NWP), improvement for predicting hazardous phenomena is one of the central issues. Among others, much attention has been paid to skillful NWP for severe weather (e.g., Kain et al. 2006, Hohenegger and Schär 2007a, b;Kawabata et al. 2007;Roberts and Lean 2008). Recently, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF;Evensen 1994Evensen , 2003 has become a major method in data assimilation (DA), and has contributed to investigate convection-permitting regional NWP (e.g., Zhang et al. 2007;Stensrud et al. 2009Stensrud et al. , 2013Clark et al. 2010;Schwartz et al. 2010; Baldauf et al. 2011;Melhauser and Zhang 2012; Yussolf et al. 2013, Kunii 2014a, Weng and Zhang 2016.Recently, Miyoshi et al. (2016aMiyoshi et al. ( , 2016b reported an innovation of the "Big Data Assimilation" (BDA) technology, implementing a 30-second-update, 100-m-mesh local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF;Hunt et al. 2007) to assimilate data from a Phased Array Weather Radar (PAWR) at Osaka University (Ushio et al. 2014) into regional NWP models known as the Japan Meteorological Agency non-hydrostatic model (JMA-NHM, Saito et al. 2006Saito et al. , 2007 and the Scalable Computing for Advanced Library and Environment-Regional Model (SCALE-RM, Nishizawa et al. 2015). The PAWR captures the rapid development of convective activities every 30 seconds at approximately 100-m resolution. The 100-m-mesh NWP models can resolve the internal structures of convective cells. The BDA system combines these two to enable NWP resolving each cumulonimbus explicitly.This study provides details of a case study shown in the review paper by Miyoshi et al. (2016b) and aims to investigate the benefits of the BDA system for predicting an isolated convective system. We apply the BDA system described by Miyoshi et al. (2016aMiyoshi et al. ( , 2016b for a sudden local severe rainstorm that occurred in the morning of 1...

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Section: -Second-update 100-m-mesh Data Assimilation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

30-second-Update 100-m-Mesh Data Assimilation Experiments: A Sudden Local Rain Case in Kobe on 11 September 2014

Maejima

Kunii

Miyoshi

2017

SOLA

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“…The Kain-Fritsch convection scheme (Kain and Fritsch 1990;Kain 2004;Kato et al 2010) is included as a cumulus scheme. For a planetary boundary layer scheme, the Mellor-Yamada-NakanishiNiino Level 3 scheme (Nakanishi and Niino 2004) are employed. For radiation, a clear-sky radiation scheme (Yabu et al 2005) and a cloud radiation scheme (Kitagawa 2000) are used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime Temperature Extremes over Japan in the Late 21st Century Projected by a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model

Murata¹,

Nakano

Kanada

et al. 2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Future changes in summertime temperature extremes over Japan are projected by a well-developed regional climate model (RCM) with a spatial resolution of 5 km. The performance of the RCM with respect to temperature in the present climate is evaluated first based on observations. Although the di¤erences in the biases (from observations) of daily temperatures between the RCM and the driving atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations are not statistically significant, root-mean-square errors (from observations) in daily mean and minimum temperatures reproduced by the RCM are smaller than those by the AGCM with a coarser spatial resolution. These results indicate that RCM with a higher spatial resolution has better performance than the driving AGCM in simulating temperature variability. A test of whether the RCM can capture temperature extremes reveals a good quantitative agreement between simulated and observed values in appearance frequency of extreme high temperature for the daily minimum temperature during July and August. The spatial pattern of the upper tail of the frequency distribution for the daily maximum temperature is also in good agreement with observations, although the model values are underestimated.Projected changes for extremely high daily minimum temperature are relatively large in July on the lee side of the Hidaka Mountains, southeast of Hokkaido. This finding can be explained by the foehn phenomenon: changes in the windward Froude number indicate that atmospheric conditions in the future climate are more favorable for the intensification of foehn. In terms of extremely high daily maximum temperature, the di¤erence between the present-day and future climates during August is relatively large over the Tama area, west of Tokyo. Although the foehn phenomenon is not solely responsible for the projected changes, the phenomenon can explain the projected changes when westerly winds prevail over the Tama area, located on the lee side of the Kanto Mountains.

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“…Variables in italics indicate that they were also swept in the CGCM runs a Chikira and Sugiyama (2010) b Wilson and Ballard (1999) c Takemura et al (2005Takemura et al ( , 2009 d Nakanishi and Niino (2004) e Takata et al (2003) and Watanabe et al (2010) f ''alb'' indicates a collection of 8 parameters corresponding to albedo for ice and snow over sea and land g Because the standard values are the maximum, we performed AGCM runs with two lower value sets…”

Section: Efficient Sampling Of the Influential Parameter Combinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbed physics ensemble using the MIROC5 coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM without flux corrections: experimental design and results

et al. 2012

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In this study, we constructed a perturbed physics ensemble (PPE) for the MIROC5 coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (CGCM) to investigate the parametric uncertainty of climate sensitivity (CS). Previous studies of PPEs have mainly used the atmosphere-slab ocean models. A few PPE studies using a CGCM applied flux corrections, because perturbations in parameters can lead to large radiation imbalances at the top of the atmosphere and climate drifts. We developed a method to prevent climate drifts in PPE experiments using the MIROC5 CGCM without flux corrections. We simultaneously swept 10 parameters in atmosphere and surface schemes. The range of CS (estimated from our 35 ensemble members) was not wide (2.2-3.2°C). The shortwave cloud feedback related to changes in middle-level cloud albedo dominated the variations in the total feedback. We found three performance metrics for the present climate simulations of middle-level cloud albedo, precipitation, and ENSO amplitude that systematically relate to the variations in shortwave cloud feedback in this PPE.

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An Improved Mellor–Yamada Level-3 Model with Condensation Physics: Its Design and Verification

Cited by 665 publications

References 21 publications

30-second-Update 100-m-Mesh Data Assimilation Experiments: A Sudden Local Rain Case in Kobe on 11 September 2014

30-second-Update 100-m-Mesh Data Assimilation Experiments: A Sudden Local Rain Case in Kobe on 11 September 2014

Summertime Temperature Extremes over Japan in the Late 21st Century Projected by a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model

Perturbed physics ensemble using the MIROC5 coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM without flux corrections: experimental design and results

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