An Improved Mellor–Yamada Level-3 Model: Its Numerical Stability and Application to a Regional Prediction of Advection Fog

Nakanishi, Mikio; Niino, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s10546-005-9030-8

Cited by 1,128 publications

(637 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) PBL scheme is currently required for the WRF model to simulate the effects of wind farms via its WFP scheme ; the MYNN level-2.5 scheme predicts subgrid TKE as a prognostic variable and produces local vertical mixing (Nakanishi and Niino 2006). Based on the Mellor-Yamada-Janjić scheme, the MYNN scheme uses fundamental closure constants derived from LES, and includes stability effects on the mixing length and buoyancy effects on pressure covariance (Nakanishi and Niino 2006).…”

Section: Wrf Model Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Lee

Lundquist

2017

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Wind-turbine-wake evolution during the evening transition introduces variability to wind-farm power production at a time of day typically characterized by high electricity demand. During the evening transition, the atmosphere evolves from an unstable to a stable regime, and vertical stratification of the wind profile develops as the residual planetary boundary layer decouples from the surface layer. The evolution of wind-turbine wakes during the evening transition is examined from two perspectives: wake observations from single turbines, and simulations of multiple turbine wakes using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Throughout the evening transition, the wake's wind-speed deficit and turbulence enhancement are confined within the rotor layer when the atmospheric stability changes from unstable to stable. The height variations of maximum upwind-downwind differences of wind speed and turbulence intensity gradually decrease during the evening transition. After verifying the WRF-model-simulated upwind wind speed, wind direction and turbulent kinetic energy profiles with observations, the wind-farm-scale wake evolution during the evening transition is investigated using the WRF-model wind-farm parametrization scheme. As the evening progresses, due to the presence of the wind farm, the modelled hub-height wind-speed deficit monotonically increases, the relative turbulence enhancement at hub height grows by 50%, and the downwind surface sensible heat flux increases, reducing surface cooling. Overall, the intensifying wakes from upwind turbines respond to the evolving atmospheric boundary layer during the evening transition, and undermine the power production of downwind turbines in the evening.

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Section: Wrf Model Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the Mellor-Yamada-Janjić scheme, the MYNN scheme uses fundamental closure constants derived from LES, and includes stability effects on the mixing length and buoyancy effects on pressure covariance (Nakanishi and Niino 2006). The MYNN surface layer and TKE advection in the PBL scheme are also applied.…”

Section: Wrf Model Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Lee

Lundquist

2017

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…The fourth scheme is the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino level-2.5 (MYNN2) scheme (Nakanishi and Niino 2006) (the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino level-3 (MYNN3) scheme will not be evaluated), which is a 1.5-order, local closure scheme tuned to a database of large-eddy simulations in order to overcome the typical biases associated with other MY-type schemes, such as insufficient growth of the convective boundary layer and underestimation of TKE. The MYNN2 scheme predicts subgrid TKE terms.…”

Section: Wrf Model Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of the Boundary-Layer Height from Lidar and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at an Urban Coastal Site in the North-East Iberian Peninsula

Banks

Tiana-Alsina

Rocadenbosch

et al. 2015

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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We evaluate planetary boundary-layer (PBL) parametrizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model, with three connected objectives: first, for a 16-year period, we use a cluster analysis algorithm of three-day back-trajectories to determine general synoptic flow patterns over Barcelona, Spain arriving at heights of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 km; to represent the lower PBL, upper PBL, and lower free troposphere, respectively. Seven clusters are determined at each arriving altitude. Regional recirculations account for 54 % of the annual total at 0.5 km, especially in summertime. In the second objective, we assess a time-adaptive approach using an extended Kalman filter to estimate PBL height from backscatter lidar returns at 1200 UTC ± 30 min for 45 individual days during a seven-year period. PBL heights retrieved with this technique are compared with three classic methods used in the literature to estimate PBL height from lidar. The methods are validated against PBL heights calculated from daytime radiosoundings. Lidar and radiosonde estimated PBL heights are classified under objectively-determined synoptic clusters. With the final objective, WRF model-simulated PBL heights are validated against lidar estimates using eight unique PBL schemes as inputs. Evaluation of WRF model-simulated PBL heights are performed under different synoptic situations. Determination coefficients with lidar estimates indicate the non-local assymetric convective model scheme is the most reliable, with the widely-tested local Mellor-Yamada-Janjic scheme showing the weakest correlations with lidar retrievals. Overall, there is a systematic underestimation of PBL height simulated in the WRF model.

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“…The improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 scheme for the planetary boundary layer (Nakanishi and Niino 2006), short-and long-wave radiation scheme based on the GSM radiation scheme (Kitagawa 2000;Yabu et al 2005), and the four-layer thermal diffusion scheme as a land surface (Saito et al 2001) are employed in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Land Reclamations in Osaka Bay on the Regional Climate

Ito

Yamane

Satomura

2012

SOLA

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The effects of land reclamations in the Osaka Bay area on the climate in the Keihanshin region are investigated using a numerical model. It is observed that reclamations in Osaka Bay lead to a significant increase in the surface air temperature (SAT) over the inland during the daytime and a decrease from midnight to the morning. This indicates that reclamations increase the diurnal temperature range. The decrease in the SAT in the morning, which is in contrast to urban warming, is due to the decreased surface wind speed caused by the reclamations and is accompanied by reduced vertical heat exchange.

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An Improved Mellor–Yamada Level-3 Model: Its Numerical Stability and Application to a Regional Prediction of Advection Fog

Cited by 1,128 publications

References 11 publications

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Observing and Simulating Wind-Turbine Wakes During the Evening Transition

Performance Evaluation of the Boundary-Layer Height from Lidar and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at an Urban Coastal Site in the North-East Iberian Peninsula

Effects of Land Reclamations in Osaka Bay on the Regional Climate

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