An improved mechanistic model for ammonia volatilization in Earth system models: Flow of Agricultural Nitrogen, version 2 (FANv2)

Vira, Julius; Hess, Peter; Melkonian, Jeff; Wieder, William R.

doi:10.5194/gmd-2019-233

Cited by 4 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Increasing manure application (e.g., Riddick et al, 2016) is also expected to increase yields prior to 1950, although changes in the aerial application rate are not represented in CLM5. More robust manure application schemes are under development (Vira et al, 2019). Corn, wheat, and rice yields increased most with fertilizer application, whereas nitrogen‐fixing soybean yields, as expected, did not change much with fertilizer application (Figure S8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial fertilizer is prescribed by crop type, year, and country based on LUH2 fertilization rates (Hurtt et al, 2011). More realistic development of manure application, including transient application rates and N fluxes, is under development (Riddick et al, 2016; Vira et al, 2019) but not included in the released version of CLM5. The application of irrigation water is limited to only the irrigated crop columns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5

et al. 2020

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Agricultural expansion and management have greatly increased global food production and altered Earth's climate by changing physical and biogeochemical properties of terrestrial ecosystems. Few Earth system models represent agricultural management practices due to the complexity of the interactions between human decisions and biological processes on global scales. We describe the new capabilities of representing crop distributions and management in the Community Land Model (CLM) Version 5, which includes time‐varying spatial distributions of major crop types and their management through fertilization and irrigation, and temperature‐based phenological triggers. Including active crop management increases peak growing season gross primary productivity (GPP), increases the amplitude of Northern Hemisphere net ecosystem exchange, and changes seasonal and annual patterns of latent and sensible heat fluxes. The CLM5 crop model simulates the global observed historical trend of crop yields with relative fidelity from 1850 to 1990. Cropland expansion was important for increasing crop production, especially during the first century of the simulations, while fertilization and irrigation were important for increasing yields from 1950 onward. From 1990 to present day, observed crop production continued to increase while CLM5 production levels off, likely because intensification practices are not represented in the model. Specifically, CLM does not currently include increasing planting density, crop breeding and genetic modification, representations of tillage, or other management practices that may also affect crop‐climate and crop‐carbon cycle interactions and alter trends in yields. These results highlight the importance of including crop management in Earth system models, particularly as global data sets for parameterization and evaluation become more readily available.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5

et al. 2020

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“…lower than the estimated global EFs, ranging from 11% to 14% (Bouwman et al, 2002;Paulot et al, 2014;Vira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Change In the Nh3 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Northwestward Cropland Expansion and Growing Urea-Based Fertilizer Use Enhanced NH3 Emission Loss in the Contiguous United States

Cao¹,

Lü²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The increasing demands of food and biofuel have promoted century-long cropland expansion and nitrogen (N) fertilizer enrichment in the United States. However, the role of such long-term human activities in influencing the spatiotemporal patterns of Ammonia (NH3) emission remains poorly understood. Based on an empirical model including climate, soil properties, N fertilizer management, and cropland distribution history, we have quantified monthly fertilizer-induced NH3 emission across the contiguous U.S. from 1900 to 2015. Our results show that N fertilizer-induced NH3 emission in the U.S. has increased from <&#8201;50&#8201;Gg&#8201;N&#8201;yr&#8722;1 before the 1960s to 640&#8201;Gg&#8201;N&#8201;yr&#8722;1 in 2015, for which corn and spring wheat planting is the dominant contributor. Meanwhile, urea-based fertilizers gradually grew to the largest NH3 emitter and accounted for 78&#8201;% of the total increase during 1960&#8211;2015. Geospatial analysis reveals that hotspots of NH3 emission have shifted from the central U.S. to the northwestern U.S. from 1960 to 2015. The increasing NH3 emissions in the northwestern U.S has been found to closely correlate to the elevated wet NH4+ deposition in this region over the last three decades. This study shows that April, May, and June account for the majority of NH3 emission in a year. Interestingly, the peak emission month has shifted from June to April since the 1960s. Our results imply that the northwestward corn and spring wheat expansion and growing urea-based fertilizer uses have dramatically altered the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of NH3 emission, impacting air pollution and public health in the U.S.

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“…Globally, recent studies developed methodologies in order to quantify emissions from this sector. For example, Beusen et al (2008), Paulot et al (2014) and Hoesly et al (2018) estimated similar emissions of about 32-35TgNyr −1 , which is less than the 41-47TgNyr −1 estimates of Crippa et al (2018) and Vira et al (2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The soil NH 3 emissions originate from N application either from fertilizer or manure and are controlled by the soil pH, temperature, water content, surface wind speed and atmospheric NH 3 concentration (Kirk and Nye, 1991;Cellier et al, 2011;Behera et al, 2013). Other factors such as the ammonium content of the fertilizer and the timing of N application are also crucial for emission estimates (Riddick et al, 2016;Vira et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global agricultural ammonia emissions simulated with the ORCHIDEE land surface model

Beaudor

Vuichard

Lathière

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Ammonia (NH3) is an important atmospheric constituent. It plays a role in air quality and climate through the formation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate particles. It has also an impact on ecosystems through deposition processes. About 85 % of NH3 global anthropogenic emissions are related to food and feed production and, in particular, to the use of mineral fertilizers and manure management. Most global chemistry transport models rely on bottom-up emission inventories subject to significant uncertainties. In this study, we estimate emissions from livestock by developing a new module to calculate ammonia emissions coming from the whole agricultural sector (from housing and storage to grazing and fertilizer applications) within the global land surface model ORCHIDEE. We detail the approach used for quantifying livestock feeding management, manure applications, and indoor and soil emissions and evaluate the model performance. Our results reflect China, India, Africa, Latin America, the USA, and Europe as the main contributors to the global NH3 emissions accounting for 80 % of the total budget. The global calculated emissions reach 44 Tg/yr over the 2005–2015 period, which is within the range estimated by previous work. Key parameters (pH of the manure, timing of the N application, atmospheric NH3 surface concentration, etc...) which drive the soil emissions have also been tested in order to assess the sensibility of our model. Manure pH is the parameter to which modeled emissions are the most sensitive with a 10 % change in emissions per % change in pH. Even though we found an under-estimation in our emissions over Europe (−26 %) and an over-estimation in the USA (+56 %) compared to previous work, other hot-spot regions are consistent. The calculated emissions seasonality is in very good agreement with satellite-based emissions. These encouraging results prove the potential of coupling ORCHIDEE land-based emissions to CTMs, which are currently forced by bottom-up anthropogenic-centered inventories such as CEDS.

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An improved mechanistic model for ammonia volatilization in Earth system models: Flow of Agricultural Nitrogen, version 2 (FANv2)

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5

Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5

Northwestward Cropland Expansion and Growing Urea-Based Fertilizer Use Enhanced NH<sub>3</sub> Emission Loss in the Contiguous United States

Global agricultural ammonia emissions simulated with the ORCHIDEE land surface model

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An improved mechanistic model for ammonia volatilization in Earth system models: Flow of Agricultural Nitrogen, version 2 (FANv2)

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5

Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5

Northwestward Cropland Expansion and Growing Urea-Based Fertilizer Use Enhanced NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Emission Loss in the Contiguous United States

Global agricultural ammonia emissions simulated with the ORCHIDEE land surface model

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Northwestward Cropland Expansion and Growing Urea-Based Fertilizer Use Enhanced NH<sub>3</sub> Emission Loss in the Contiguous United States