An improved leaping detector for flow analysis applied to iron speciation in drugs

Abstract

A low inner volume (ca. 64 ml) probe was built up in an injector-commutator in order to behave as a photometric leaping detector in flow analysis. It comprises a bicolour light-emitting diode (BLED), as a source of pulsed radiation in the red and green visible region, and two phototransistors as transducers. Sample injection, detector relocation, analytical signal recording, data treatment and definition of the spectral working range were computer-controlled. The feasibility of the system was initially demonstrated in the flow-injection speciation of iron, and the overall standard deviation of results was estimated as ± 1.6 and ± 1.4% for 1.6–4.0 mg l−1 Fe(II) or total iron after eightfold processing of synthetic samples. The system was further applied to drug analysis: the mean deviations of results for typical samples were estimated as ± 5.2 and ± 3.3%, and the relative standard deviation as ± 1.6 and ± 1.3% for Fe(II) and total iron, respectively. Results were compared with those obtained by a conventional spectrophotometric procedure and no statistic differences at the 95% confidence level were found. In relation to an earlier system with multi-site detection, the proposed system is more stable, presenting low drift with a relative standard deviation of 0.026% and 0.039% for measurements (n=120 during 4 h of observation) with green and red emission. It is also faster with a sampling rate of 133 h−1 and carryover problems are not found. The possibility of compensating the Schlieren noise by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry is discussed.

A Miniaturized Colorimeter with a Novel Design and High Precision for Photometric Detection

“…A solenoid mini-pump was used for fluid propelling [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In this work, the effect of residual measurement was considered to extend the linear response range, which is superior to other methods in phosphorus detection [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The effect of interferences is determined in order to demonstrate the selectivity of our device.…”

Development of a photometric system for continuous flow analysis

“…a UV/ visible spectrophotometer, to remote sites for in-situ monitoring. In flow spectrophotometry, multiple measurements on a processed sample are accomplished efficiently in order to permit implementation of simultaneous determinations, differential kinetic analysis, speciation, standard addition and blank compensation [5][6][7][8]. The present paper describes a brief performance evaluation of the photometric system that can be used for the continuous flow analysis of the determination of various parameters in clinical, environmental and food chemistry.…”