An improved infrared carbon monoxide analyser for routine measurements aboard commercial Airbus aircraft: technical validation and first scientific results of the MOZAIC III programme

Nedelec, P.; Cammas, Jean‐Pierre; Thouret, V.; Athier, G.; Cousin, Jean-Marc; Legrand, Céline; Abonnel, C.; Lecoeur, F.; Cayez, Grégoire; Marizy, C.

doi:10.5194/acp-3-1551-2003

Cited by 230 publications

(177 citation statements)

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“…First, we validate the SCIAMACHY CO retrievals with airborne profile measurements of the MOZAIC/IAGOS project, based on in situ measurements on commercial airliners (Nédélec et al, 2003). Following this, we complete our validation using CO groundbased measurements of the TCCON and NDACC networks.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1994, in situ profile measurements are recorded during the ascent and descent phases of more than 40 000 flights. These observations are used to derive vertical column densities of CO with a precision of about 5 % (Nédélec et al, 2003). The recorded profiles do not represent a strict vertical intersection of the atmosphere but at lower altitudes atmospheric constituents are measured close to the airport, whereas at higher altitudes the distance to the airport may reach 200-400 km.…”

Section: Airborne Co Profile Measurements (Mozaic/iagos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3  µm reflectance measurements

Borsdorff

Brugh

et al. 2017

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. We discuss the retrieval of carbon monoxide (CO) vertical column densities from clear-sky and cloud contaminated 2311-2338 nm reflectance spectra measured by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) from January 2003 until the end of the mission in April 2012. These data were processed with the Shortwave Infrared CO Retrieval algorithm (SICOR) that we developed for the operational data processing of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) that will be launched on ESA's Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission. This study complements previous work that was limited to clear-sky observations over land. Over the oceans, CO is estimated from cloudy-sky measurements only, which is an important addition to the SCIAMACHY clear-sky CO data set as shown by NDACC and TCCON measurements at coastal sites. For Ny-Ålesund, Lauder, Mauna Loa and Reunion, a validation of SCIAMACHY clear-sky retrievals is not meaningful because of the high retrieval noise and the few collocations at these sites. The situation improves significantly when considering cloudy-sky observations, where we find a low mean bias b = ±6.0 ppb and a strong correlation between the validation and the SCIAMACHY results with a mean Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.7. Also for land observations, cloudy-sky CO retrievals present an interesting complement to the clear-sky data set. For example, at the cities Tehran and Beijing the agreement of SCIAMACHY clear-sky CO observations with MOZAIC/IAGOS airborne measurements is poor with a mean bias of b = 171.2 ppb and 57.9 ppb because of local CO pollution, which cannot be captured by SCIAMACHY. For cloudy-sky retrievals, the validation improves significantly. Here the retrieved column is mainly sensitive to CO above the cloud and so not affected by the strong local surface emissions. Adjusting the MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements to the vertical sensitivity of the retrieval, the mean bias adds up to b = 52.3 ppb and 5.0 ppb for Tehran and Beijing. At the less urbanised region around the airport Windhoek, local CO pollution is less prominent and so MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements agree well with SCIAMACHY clear-sky retrievals with a mean bias of b = 15.5 ppb, but can be even further improved for cloudy SCIAMACHY observations with a mean bias of b = 0.2 ppb. Overall the cloudy-sky CO retrievals from SCIA-MACHY short-wave infrared measurements present a major extension of the clear-sky-only data set, which more than triples the amount of data and adds unique observations over the oceans. Moreover, the study represents the first application of the S5P algorithm for operational CO data processing on cloudy observations prior to the launch of the S5P mission.

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Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Airborne Co Profile Measurements (Mozaic/iagos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3  µm reflectance measurements

Borsdorff

Brugh

et al. 2017

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…The CO analyser (Nedelec et al, 2003), based on an IR absorption technique, has a precision of 5 nmol mol −1 with a lower detection limit of 10 nmol mol −1 .…”

Section: Further Instruments Aboard Atr-42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

et al. 2011

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Abstract.We deployed an aerosol mass spectrometer during the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) summer campaign in Greenland in June/July 2008 on the research aircraft ATR-42. Online size resolved chemical composition data of submicron aerosol were collected up to 7.6 km altitude in the region 60 to 71 • N and 40 to 60 • W. Biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) plumes originating from North America, Asia, Siberia and Europe were sampled. Transport pathways of detected plumes included advection below 700 hPa, air mass uplifting in warm conveyor belts, and high altitude transport in the upper troposphere. By means of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, trace gas analysis of O 3 and CO, particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition 48 pollution events were identified and classified into five chemically distinct categories. Aerosol from North American BB consisted of 22 % particulate sulphate, while with increasing anthropogenic and Asian influence aerosol in Asian FF dominated plumes was composed of up to 37 % sulphate category mean value. Overall, it was found that the organic matter fraction was largerCorrespondence to: J. Schmale (julia.schmale@gmail.com) (85 %) in pollution plumes than for background conditions (71 %). Despite different source regions and emission types the particle oxygen to carbon ratio of all plume classes was around 1 indicating low-volatility highly oxygenated aerosol. The volume size distribution of out-of-plume aerosol showed markedly smaller modes than all other distributions with two Aitken mode diameters of 24 and 43 nm and a geometric standard deviation σ g of 1.12 and 1.22, respectively, while another very broad mode was found at 490 nm (σ g = 2.35). Nearly pure BB particles from North America exhibited an Aitken mode at 66 nm (σ g = 1.46) and an accumulation mode diameter of 392 nm (σ g = 1.76). An aerosol lifetime, including all processes from emission to detection, in the range between 7 and 11 days was derived for North American emissions.

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“…Accordingly, assuming that the typical density of BB aerosol is about 1.3 g cm −3 (Reid et al, 2005b), we estimated the C-factor for our case to be of 1.27. Measurements of the CO mixing ratio were made with a modified commercial gas analyzer Thermo 48C (Thermo Environmental Instruments, USA; see Nédélec et al, 2003;Paris et al, 2008). Note that the measurements of the CO mixing ratio were used in this study only for the selection of aerosol measurements representative of BB plumes (as explained below in Sect.…”

Section: Aircraft Measurements 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths

Konovalov¹,

Lvova²,

Beekmann³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emissions from open biomass burning (BB) are known to have a considerable impact on the radiative budget of the atmosphere on global and regional scales but are poorly constrained in models by atmospheric 20 observations, especially in remote regions. Here, we investigate the feasibility of constraining BC emissions from BB with satellite observations of the aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and the aerosol extinction optical depth (AOD) retrieved from OMI (Ozone monitoring instrument) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) measurements, respectively. We consider the case of Siberian BB BC emissions, which have a strong potential to impact the Arctic climate system. Using aerosol remote sensing data collected at Siberian sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network 25 (AERONET) along with the results of the Fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), we establish an empirical parameterization relating the ratio of the elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contents in BB aerosol to the ratio of AAOD and AOD at the wavelengths of the satellite observations. Applying this parameterization to the BC and OC column amounts simulated with the CHIMERE chemistry transport model, we optimize the parameters of the BB emission model based on MODIS measurements of the fire radiative power (FRP) and obtain top-down optimized estimates of the 30 total monthly BB BC amounts emitted from intense Siberian fires that occurred in May-September 2012. The top-down estimates are compared to the corresponding values obtained using the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) and the Fire Emission Inventory-northern Eurasia (FEI-NE). Our simulations using the optimized BB aerosol emissions are verified against AAOD and AOD data that were withheld from the estimation procedure. The simulations are further evaluated against in situ EC and OC measurements at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) and also against aerosol 35 2 measurement data collected on board of an aircraft in the framework of the Airborne Extensive Regional Observations (YAK-AEROSIB) experiments. We conclude that our BC and OC emission estimates, considered with their confidence intervals, are consistent with the ensemble of the measurement data analyzed in this study. Siberian fires are found to emit 0.41 ± 0.14 Tg of BC over the whole period of the five months considered; this estimate is a factor of 2 larger and a factor of 1.5 smaller compared to that the corresponding estimates based on the GFED4 (0.20 Tg) and FEI-NE (0.61 Tg) data, 5 respectively. Our estimates of monthly BC emissions are also found to be larger than the BC amounts calculated with the GFED4 data and smaller than those calculated with the FEI-NE data for any of the five months. Especially large positive differences of our estimates of monthly BC emissions with respect to the GFED4 data are found in May and September. This finding indicates that the GFED4 database is likely to strongly underestimate BC emissions from agricultural burns and ...

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An improved infrared carbon monoxide analyser for routine measurements aboard commercial Airbus aircraft: technical validation and first scientific results of the MOZAIC III programme

Cited by 230 publications

References 21 publications

Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3  µm reflectance measurements

Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3  µm reflectance measurements

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths

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An improved infrared carbon monoxide analyser for routine measurements aboard commercial Airbus aircraft: technical validation and first scientific results of the MOZAIC III programme

Cited by 230 publications

References 21 publications

Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm reflectance measurements

Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm reflectance measurements

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

Estimation of black carbon emissions from Siberian fires using satellite observations of absorption and extinction optical depths

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Product

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Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3  µm reflectance measurements

Carbon monoxide column retrieval for clear-sky and cloudy atmospheres: a full-mission data set from SCIAMACHY 2.3  µm reflectance measurements