An improved gridded water resource distribution for China based on second-order basin data

Abstract

Water resources are essential for the land surface system and human life and activity. However, gridded water resource data that can reflect subtle differences of spatial distribution within water basins are scarce. This article has introduced six factors: precipitation, aridity, evapotranspiration, slope, vegetation, and catchment area, to develop an improved gridded model for water resource distribution in China based on the partition-weight assignment method. The results showed that the improved gridded water resource distribution method based on secondorder basins has high applicability for China. It demonstrates an overall spatialization error of 7.68% for third-order basins and 7.25% for provincial administrative units. In addition, the spatialization precision of the Yangtze River Basin, Songhua River basin, and Southern River Basin, is better than that of the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River Basin, Huaihe River Basin, and Northwestern River Basin. The relationship between the water resource distribution and gross domestic product density differed with the size of urban areas and geographical locations. These results can provide scientific support and databases for the management of regional water resources.

Households with unimproved water sources in Ethiopia: spatial variation and point-of-use treatment based on 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

“…In addition, it was intended to assess the POU water treatment practices of households dependent on such water sources. The finding will aid policymakers, partners, and planners, in the water and health sector to develop appropriate strategies in improving water source development, quality monitoring, and measures like wide-scale use of household water treatment methods [ 22 – 24 ]. It will also be helpful to ensure the United Nations sustainable development goal (SDGs), ensuring availability and sustainable management of water for all.…”

Regional difference of water use in a significantly unbalanced developing region

“…In fact, regional water use is more complex and dynamic under climate change and rapid socioeconomic development, and the complexity is even exacerbated by uncertainty in hydrological systems (Xu & Singh, 2004;He et al, 2015;Her et al, 2019), population and economic growths, industrial structure, policy change and unknown interaction effects (Khatri et al, 2018;Wang & Davies, 2018;Sun et al, 2019). The different levels of regional socioeconomic development as well as the uneven distribution of water resources has resulted in the inequality of water use that can reflect the degree of regional sustainable development some way (Tan & Liu, 2017;Cole et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2019). In the face of increasing regional differentiation, a relatively coordinated development, including even regional water resources exploitation in terms of spatial and temporal patterns, is an inevitable requirement for sustainability (He et al, 2019).…”

Unimproved water sources in Ethiopia: Spatial variation and household point-of-use treatment practice based on 2016 Demographic and Health Survey

“…Performing spatial description of geographic data with respect to demographic, environmental, socioeconomic and other risk factors, and the point-of-use treatment practices will aid policymakers, partners and planners, in the water and health sector to develop appropriate strategies in improving water sources development, quality monitoring and measures like wide-scale use of household water treatment methods [21][22][23]. Thus, this study is distinct from prior studies that it is the rst to analyse and map the spatial distribution of unimproved water coverage by wealth quintile in detail and demonstrate disparities in unimproved water coverage not only across regions but also with in regions between wealth quintiles.…”