“…The control of nonlinear systems has received a lot of attention in the last decade due to the nonlinear properties that occur in real-world systems. In the literature, a variety of advanced control strategies, including sliding mode control, backstepping control, fuzzy logic, and neural network control, have recently been suggested to be utilized in practical applications (Koochi et al 2022; Bui et al 2011; Wang et al 2018a, 2016; Ray et al 2018; Xiuxiang et al 2018; Zhao et al 2019; Nguyen et al 2017; Rebai and Guesmi 2020; Farahani and Ganjefar 2017; Baigzadehnoe et al 2017; Sadek et al 2017; Qiao et al 2018; Wu et al 2019; Jin et al 2018; De Jesús Rubio 2018; Sui et al 2019; Rebai et al 2015). To mention a few, the problem of fault-tolerant control for nonlinear systems with unknown control directions is addressed in Liu et al (2019).…”