An improved Fc function assay utilizing CMV antigen‐coated red blood cells generated with synthetic function–spacer–lipid constructs

Abstract

The use of CMV kodecytes was shown to be a convenient means of generating red cells for the determination of Fc function of immunoglobulin products and offers the possibility of significantly reducing the time required to perform this assay.

Antibody complement–mediated hemolytic studies with kodecytes reveal that human complement utilized in the classical pathway is more stable than generally accepted

“…Although the heterophile antigen targets between the different assays were different there is no reason to expect that these different specificities would result in assay variance. Potentially any heterophile antigen to which complement activating antibodies are present in human serum including virally related peptides could be used.…”

Training students in serologic reaction grading increased perceptions of self‐efficacy and ability to recognize serologic reactions but decreased grading accuracy

“…Kodecytes serologic grading panels with specific levels of antigen were produced in large volumes so that the same cells could be used in the different grading panels by the same users for long periods of time—thus, intraobserver variability was easily measured. Excluded from the study were the more exotic serologic reactions such as mixed‐field agglutination (which is easily mocked up by mixing antigen‐positive cells with antigen‐negative cells) and hemolysis (which can also be created with kodecytes but was not included in this study). Furthermore the hemagglutination reactions studied in this research were only direct agglutination reactions, and although indirect reactions can also be mimicked with kodecytes, they were not compatible with time limitations imposed by teaching, as these grading exercises were undertaken as additional exercises to existing routine serologic practical sessions.…”

Applications for kodecytes in immunohaematology

“…With the development of FSL‐viral antigen peptides , indirect agglutination antiglobulin training panels have also been developed and are currently being evaluated. The current ubiquitous use of anticoagulated samples has meant that antibody‐mediated haemolysis reactions are now rarely seen.…”

“…The ability to activate the complement cascade is a major feature of the potential immuno‐oncotherapeutic product based on Kode Technology, which is going into human clinical trials in 2018 and is the basis of a method for determining IVIG antibody functionality .…”