An improved energy management strategy of hybrid photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell system for stratospheric airship

Liao, Jun; Jiang, Yi; Li, Jun; Liao, Yuxin; Du, Haiyan; Zhu, Weiyu; Zhang, Lanchuan

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.09.007

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A typical HSA energy system [21,22] mainly includes solar cell, voltage converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, energy management system, and rechargeable battery with management system, as shown in Figure 1. In the daytime, the electricity generated by solar cells on the wings can directly supply the power through the energy management system.…”

Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the transmittance factor τ is affected by atmospheric transparency and so on. at includes the modifying factors, the atmospheric pressure of different altitudes, and the air mass ratio which are described in literature [21]. e parameter t is related to the standard time and the longitude of the location.…”

Section: Solar Irradiation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e studies [21][22][23][24][25][26] researched energy system and EMS for HSA and airships, and some important conclusions have been obtained. Some of these designed energy systems which had been experimentally tested and verified have made significant and pioneering contributions to the development for solar drone EMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Management Strategy for High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Based on Multiple Flight Phases

Sun

Shan

Sun

et al. 2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Making use of solar energy to fly is an up-and-coming technology in the human aviation field since solar energy is renewable and inexhaustible, and more and more attention and efforts have been directed to the development of high-altitude solar aircraft (HSA). Due to the technical constraints of the rechargeable battery, the HSA must carry sufficient batteries to meet the flight power consumption at night, which seriously limits the flight endurance of HSA. To solve this contradiction, the paper has proposed a new energy management strategy (EMS) of multiple flight phases for HSA based on the gravitational energy storage and mission altitude, which aims to achieve the goal of long-endurance flight for HSA. The integrated model of this new EMS includes the aerodynamic model, the kinematic model, the solar irradiation model, the battery model, and the energy management model. Compared with the current EMS of level flight, the flight path of HSA in the new EMS has been divided into five phases: the lower altitude level flight at night, the maximum power ascending for mission altitude, the level flight at mission altitude, the maximum power ascending for higher altitude, and the longest gliding endurance. At last, the calculation of the new EMS for Zephyr 7 is studied by MATLAB/Simulink, and the calculation results indicate that about 22.9% of energy surplus can be stored in battery with the new EMS for Zephyr 7 compared with the current EMS, which is equal to reducing the rechargeable battery weight from 16.0 kg to 12.3 kg. Besides, the results of simulation in the four seasons also show that the new EMS is a very promising way to achieve the long-endurance goal for high-altitude HSA when the flight conditions satisfy some constraints like the deficiency of solar flux and the limit of battery mass.

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Section: Models and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar Irradiation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Management Strategy for High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Based on Multiple Flight Phases

Sun

Shan

Sun

et al. 2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Finally, we discretized Equations ( 1), (3), and ( 4) to obtain the state-space equation. The state-space equation can be expressed as…”

Section: Ecm Of a Single Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stratospheric airships 1,2 as long‐endurance, heavy‐load flight platforms, have high scientific and military value for all countries, as shown in Figure 1. Because of the long‐endurance flight requirements, stratospheric airships use renewable energy systems 3 to ensure energy supply, as shown in Figure 2. For the flight during daytime, the solar array not only powers the equipment but also charges the energy storage battery pack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimization model based on temperature field and series–parallel structure for battery‐package of a stratospheric airship

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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Stratospheric airships are long-endurance flight platforms that utilize renewable energy systems. The solar array in these systems cannot generate electricity at night; only an energy storage battery pack can be used to power the entire system. Therefore, accurate modeling and estimation of the output characteristics and operating conditions of battery packs have become the focus of current research. During the actual flight of an airship, uneven temperature distribution causes changes in the output characteristics and differences in the cell voltage of the battery packs. To address this problem, this study establishes an output characteristic model, series-parallel structure coupled with a temperature field model (SPTM), for a battery pack based on the series-parallel structure of a single cell. In addition, the influence of temperature distribution was considered in the model. Then, a flight verification test was conducted, and the test data and simulation data were compared. The average absolute error of the SPTM was maintained at approximately 0.61 V, which accurately reflected the output characteristics of the battery pack. The simulation model was then used to study the cell voltage difference under changes in the temperature distribution and demonstrate the relationship between the cell voltage difference and temperature difference.

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Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Overview

Rekioua

2019

Green Energy and Technology

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An improved energy management strategy of hybrid photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell system for stratospheric airship

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Energy Management Strategy for High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Based on Multiple Flight Phases

Energy Management Strategy for High-Altitude Solar Aircraft Based on Multiple Flight Phases

An optimization model based on temperature field and series–parallel structure for battery‐package of a stratospheric airship

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Overview

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