An Improved Correlation to Investigate the Effect of Chemical Additives on the Mobility Ratio of Two-Phase Flow

Sulaiman, Izzat Niazi; Zeinalabideen, Mohammed Jawad; Abed, Adnan Ajam

doi:10.21533/pen.v9i1.1795

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Water flooding refers to injecting water to the oil zone (pay zone) to move the oil to the production wells, whereas water injection refers to injecting water into the water zone (aquifer) to maintain pressure that gradually declines during production, this leads to an increase in crude oil production [11]. Formation water (ground water) and injected water are produced with a mixture of hydrocarbons to be called water cut.…”

Section: Origin Of Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Treating Produced Water During Oil and Gas Production Processes

Al-Rubaye,

Jasim,

Jassam

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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In generally, the total volume of produced water, also known as water cut, varies from well to well, as well as based on the type of reservoir, whether it is a gas or oil reservoir, as well as the characteristics of the reservoir rocks, including permeability. Based on the type of reservoir (oil or gas), where it is located of the field, the geologic formation, and the type of hydrocarbons product being produced, the physical and chemical characteristics of produced water, such as hardness, PH, total suspended solids, conductivity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, and chloride, vary significantly. Oil and gas extraction produces water that is considered as wastewater and requires expensive control. There are three fundamental approaches for avoiding or reducing the damage and pollution caused by water. These include employing inside-the-reservoir ways to limit generated water, applying contemporary methods of treatment and making this water harmless, and re-injecting the water into the reservoir. On another hand, Between 1987 and 1999, chemicals might be used during drilling and processing to reduce solid deposit on equipment and casings, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This study aims to provide a quick overview of produced water issues and treatment solutions applied during the oil and gas production processes.

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Section: Origin Of Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%